各種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以及爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材意外爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)時(shi),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)人員(yuan)和其(qi)他保(bao)護對象(xiang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)(地震(zhen)、沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)波、飛(fei)石、有毒氣(qi)體等)分別(bie)核定(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi),必然產生爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空氣(qi)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)波、碎石飛(fei)散及有害(hai)氣(qi)體,因此,爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)時(shi)必須(xu)確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范(fan)圍,并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人員(yuan)、設備、建筑物(wu)及井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),這一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離就稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離。如何控制好(hao)這段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離就顯的(de)(de)尤為重要。為保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與(yu)人員(yuan)或其(qi)他應(ying)保(bao)護對象(xiang)之間(jian)必須(xu)保(bao)持短的(de)(de)相隔長(chang)度。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離的(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)有規律地衰減,用距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離作為安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)在允許限度之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離,個別(bie)飛(fei)散物(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離,以及爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)波的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離。
在建造隧道的時候,人們首先想到的個方式,就是使用爆破技術,專業深孔爆破聚能管開山挖隧道修路,常規爆破技術需要使用數以噸計的炸,炸的威力十分巨大,但是在炸完之后,空氣中全是煙塵,根本無法進入,另外常規爆破炸出來的輪廓線凹凸不平,后期常常需要工人進一步修補輪廓線才能進行下一道工序,耗時耗力,那么有沒有其他的方式比常規爆破技術更好呢?2018年3月,央視報道了一場隧道爆破對比實驗,實驗采用兩種爆破技術,滴喲中是使用炸的常規爆破技術,第二種則是國人新發明的聚能水壓光面爆破技術,隨著聲聲巨響,這場對比試驗的結果超乎所有人的意料,浙江深孔爆破聚能管聚能水(shui)壓(ya)爆破技術的爆炸效果(guo)更(geng)好,而且爆破產生的水(shui)霧能將煙塵覆蓋,起到降塵的作用,這項爆破新(xin)方式得到了觀眾(zhong)們的認可。
施工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴格(ge)遵循六字方針(zhen)(掛滿、貼緊、對準):(1)要(yao)保證炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量,炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)必(bi)須按技術要(yao)求合(he)理(li)布置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)保證掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量,一定(ding)要(yao)在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)位置(zhi)上(shang)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)保證炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度(du)和(he)角度(du)。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝藥(yao)時,要(yao)保證乳化(hua)炸藥(yao)在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)填充飽滿不得有空隙出現時以(yi)產生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)裝填時,要(yao)保證聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)兩條聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽指向巷道輪廓線方向并(bing)且(qie)各個炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽軸(zhou)線方面要(yao)保證相互連接在(zai)隧(sui)道輪廓線上(shang)。否則(ze)成型(xing)效果不僅不好,反而更差。(5)保證炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量。(6)放炮員應提前按規(gui)定(ding)裝好聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)炸藥(yao),并(bing)做好準備(bei)工(gong)作。試(shi)用范圍:一級至(zhi)五級圍巖(yan)的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)破工(gong)程。
水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu),是在(zai)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)基礎上發(fa)展起來的(de)一(yi)項新技術(shu),其(qi)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助(zhu)眼(yan)(yan)裝藥結構和爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)方(fang)式與水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)相同,但在(zai)周邊眼(yan)(yan)中(zhong)安裝專用聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置替代(dai)常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)藥卷和傳(chuan)爆(bao)(bao)線,利(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)粒子射(she)流(liu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)體應力(li)及“氣(qi)楔”作用,形(xing)成(cheng)平整圓順的(de)開挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)面(mian),對(dui)(dui)控制超欠挖(wa)具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo),有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧道(dao)施工質量(liang)、進度和經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。科(ke)學合(he)理地利(li)用能(neng)(neng)源(yuan),提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)率,對(dui)(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十(shi)分(fen)重要(yao)。利(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端的(de)水平開出的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)射(she)流(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)應對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)石進行(xing)破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎。據專家測算,由于聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端聚能(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)應,其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比提升一(yi)個量(liang)級。