給大家介紹下爆(bao)破聚能(neng)(neng)管的(de)技術原(yuan)理∶炸藥(yao)爆(bao)炸產生的(de)爆(bao)轟波通過(guo)聚能(neng)(neng)管的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽，將炸藥(yao)的(de)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)、勢能(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)成(cheng)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、高速、高能(neng)(neng)的(de)射(she)流，切割演示成(cheng)縫(feng)。射(she)流在(zai)孔(kong)壁產生射(she)流壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力達7000MPa，巖(yan)石動(dong)載抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為(wei)(wei)200MPa，抗拉為(wei)(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)，相鄰兩炮(pao)孔(kong)互為(wei)(wei)鄰空面，疊加(jia)后(hou)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮波變為(wei)(wei)稀疏(shu)波，在(zai)兩炮(pao)眼連線上使巖(yan)石結構斷(duan)裂，形成(cheng)裂紋。準靜(jing)(jing)態(tai)(tai)氣(qi)體(ti)膨脹，靜(jing)(jing)態(tai)(tai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力在(zai)兩炮(pao)孔(kong)最(zui)短連線兩側產生拉力使巖(yan)石裂縫(feng)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)擴展(zhan)。根據爆(bao)破應力集中氣(qi)刃作用原(yuan)則，爆(bao)破氣(qi)體(ti)沿裂縫(feng)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)擴大貫通，拋落巖(yan)石。

水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在周邊眼(yan)單循環(huan)(huan)火工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)從39個(ge)下降(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝(ning)土噴(pen)射每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立(li)方米(mi)。水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循環(huan)(huan)節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約76較元，節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低隧道內石渣(zha)塊度和粉塵(chen)含量(liang)，還可(ke)使通風時間(jian)有(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝(yi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟、可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)性很(hen)強、材料成本(ben)很(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是(shi)近幾(ji)年發展起(qi)來的(de)一項掘(jue)進(jin)新技(ji)術(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與傳統的(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)有(you)一定的(de)差別(bie),聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理(li)是(shi)在巷道周邊眼(yan)中,將炸裝在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起(qi)爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),以減少裂隙的(de)數(shu)量(liang)和控(kong)制優勢裂隙的(de)發展方向。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線(xian)和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接形式，要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性、所(suo)(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等進(jin)行選擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)聯和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確(que)、高效等優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)較(jiao)大比(bi)重(zhong)。在(zai)大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中，不能(neng)使用普通電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

在鐵路、礦山、水庫等大型工程中，爆破聚能管廠家爆破技術的作用很關鍵很重要。采礦修路的開山挖隧道，城市對舊建筑物的拆除，都會用到爆破技術。隨著經濟的發展、工程建設的增多，專用爆破聚能管爆破(po)引起(qi)了人們更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注。爆破(po)聚能管(guan)作(zuo)為一種(zhong)科學技術，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)很廣，但(dan)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)要、常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，采(cai)礦開(kai)山，修(xiu)鐵(tie)路、公路用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)爆法來開(kai)掘隧道，水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上也用(yong)(yong)(yong)一些，城市里(li)面也使用(yong)(yong)(yong)了，拆除樓房(fang)。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)炸爆炸產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)能量破(po)壞某種(zhong)物(wu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原結構(gou)，這種(zhong)"破(po)壞"效果不是(shi)其他方法能代替的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它雖然不是(shi)獨立完成一個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，但(dan)卻是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序，特別(bie)是(shi)石(shi)方開(kai)挖(wa)、礦山開(kai)采(cai)等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺少了這個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)序還不行。中(zhong)國目前有發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路和公路交通(tong)網，可以想象，當初在修(xiu)這些路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)會遇到(dao)許(xu)多(duo)高山峻嶺，一座大(da)山橫在兩地之間，想要修(xiu)路，就(jiu)(jiu)必須讓這座山消(xiao)失，這個(ge)(ge)(ge)時候(hou)聚能管(guan)爆破(po)就(jiu)(jiu)起(qi)到(dao)決定性作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了。

水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)在(zai)炮孔(kong)兩(liang)(liang)端填充水袋，中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)裝上(shang)乳化炸，炮孔(kong)再用(yong)炮泥封死，炮孔(kong)間(jian)距很(hen)大(da)，兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)炮空之間(jian)相(xiang)距了(le)一(yi)米左右，是(shi)常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炮孔(kong)間(jian)距的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍，這樣(yang)可以節省炮孔(kong)材料，這兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)凹槽又稱為(wei)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽非常重要，放置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)和方向都十(shi)分講究(jiu)，一(yi)點也不能出錯，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能射流立即(ji)往凹槽兩(liang)(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石進行切割，巖(yan)石如同豆腐一(yi)樣(yang)輕松(song)被(bei)切割切割出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線(xian)十(shi)分平順，效果極好，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水袋沒(mei)有(you)降(jiang)(jiang)低爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，反(fan)而能保護隧道周(zhou)(zhou)邊植(zhi)被(bei)，減少地質擾動，降(jiang)(jiang)低煙塵，重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)節省炸成本，在(zai)未(wei)來這項(xiang)技術會廣泛應用(yong)于工程中(zhong)(zhong)，降(jiang)(jiang)低施工成本。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)邊眼單循環(huan)火工品使用(yong)量(liang)上(shang)節約(yue)費用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)(zhou)邊眼鉆孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從(cong)39個(ge)(ge)下降(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)(ge)費用(yong)節約(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延(yan)米節約(yue)1.37立方米。

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)，是在水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎(chu)上發展起(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)，其(qi)掏槽(cao)(cao)眼、輔助(zhu)眼裝(zhuang)藥(yao)結構和爆(bao)破(po)方式(shi)與(yu)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)相同，但在周邊(bian)眼中(zhong)安(an)裝(zhuang)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替代常規爆(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷(juan)和傳(chuan)爆(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)粒子(zi)射流動能(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)氣體(ti)應力(li)及(ji)“氣楔(xie)”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成(cheng)平(ping)整圓順的(de)(de)(de)(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠挖具(ju)有良好效(xiao)果(guo)，有效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧道施工質(zhi)量(liang)、進度和經濟效(xiao)益。科學合(he)理地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十分重要。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)開出的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石(shi)進行破(po)碎。據專家測算，由于(yu)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升一(yi)個量(liang)級。