發(fa)揮巨大(da)效(xiao)力的(de)(de)(de)關鍵又(you)在其(qi)上(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)”上(shang)(shang)。項(xiang)目部(bu)目前采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)”，通過(guo)這兩(liang)個(ge)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)讓爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)威力在隧道中(zhong)切(qie)割(ge)出十(shi)分平順(shun)的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線(xian)，的(de)(de)(de)控制了爆(bao)(bao)破量(liang)，有(you)效(xiao)管控了超挖欠挖的(de)(de)(de)現象。為(wei)了進一步嚴格(ge)控制開(kai)(kai)挖輪(lun)廓，達到(dao)提高(gao)光面爆(bao)(bao)破效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，并研究出了聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管上(shang)(shang)兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)”變(bian)為(wei)三(san)(san)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明設(she)計(ji)，目前，該發(fa)明設(she)計(ji)已經(jing)進入(ru)到(dao)了試(shi)生產階段。未來，三(san)(san)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)”設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能水壓爆(bao)(bao)破技術將推動中(zhong)鐵(tie)十(shi)四局(ju)四公司張吉(ji)懷(huai)鐵(tie)路項(xiang)目部(bu)施工(gong)開(kai)(kai)展邁上(shang)(shang)一個(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)臺階，給(gei)項(xiang)目部(bu)帶來巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)破技術經(jing)過(guo)幾十(shi)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，已經(jing)滲透(tou)到(dao)經(jing)濟建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)眾多領(ling)域，特別為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)、礦(kuang)山開(kai)(kai)采、城市拆舊定向爆(bao)(bao)破等做出了重要貢獻。

水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊眼(yan)單(dan)循(xun)環火工(gong)品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)從39個(ge)下(xia)降(jiang)為23個(ge)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)比水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)每循(xun)環節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即(ji)每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例(li)達(da)32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效降(jiang)低(di)隧道(dao)內石渣塊度和粉塵(chen)含量(liang)，還(huan)可使通風(feng)時(shi)間有效縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)藝技術很成熟、可操作性很強、材(cai)料成本很低(di)、施工(gong)速度很快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保效果很顯著、經濟效益(yi)社(she)會效益(yi)很高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術是(shi)近幾年發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的一(yi)項(xiang)掘進新(xin)技術,這種爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術與傳統的光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術有一(yi)定的差別(bie),聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)原(yuan)理是(shi)在(zai)巷道(dao)周邊眼(yan)中(zhong),將炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)起(qi)爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)時(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong)(yong)(yong),以減(jian)少裂隙的數(shu)量(liang)和控制優(you)勢裂隙的發(fa)展(zhan)方向(xiang)。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)(de)連接(jie)形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模(mo)、工程的(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)進行選擇(ze)，基(ji)本連接(jie)方式有：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有較(jiao)(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在國(guo)內(nei)外仍(reng)占(zhan)有較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)比重。在大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，不(bu)能使用普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，c型聚能管公司在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專用c型聚能管在(zai)邊(bian)坡部位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)設計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工都(dou)應采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)或(huo)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡述了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)設計的原則和(he)參(can)數(shu)、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而且還明(ming)確(que)了路塹(qian)邊(bian)坡光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)項目質量驗收(shou)檢(jian)(jian)測數(shu)量和(he)檢(jian)(jian)測方法。無疑該(gai)規(gui)程的實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地(di)推(tui)動和(he)促進(jin)了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路建設中的應用與發展(zhan)。