我國于1983年(nian)制定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)行基(ji)礎開挖工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此,在(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)已成為必(bi)須進(jin)行的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)開挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)。此后在(zai)此基(ji)礎上修訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)礎開挖工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL/T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)礎開挖工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL/T 5389~2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)均(jun)被編(bian)入并(bing)有(you)所改進(jin),DL/T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編(bian)為DL/T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級(ji)以上的(de)(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po),設(she)計邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為1:0.1~1:0.75,在(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)計和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),并(bing)闡述了(le)(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)計的(de)(de)原則(ze)和參數、安(an)全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi),而且還(huan)明確了(le)(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)項目質(zhi)(zhi)量驗收檢測(ce)數量和檢測(ce)方(fang)法。無疑(yi)該規(gui)程的(de)(de)實施(shi),有(you)力地推動(dong)和促進(jin)了(le)(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)與發展。
發揮巨(ju)大效(xiao)(xiao)力(li)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)又在其上(shang)(shang)面(mian)的(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”上(shang)(shang)。項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)目(mu)前(qian)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管有兩個“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”,通過這兩個聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)讓爆(bao)炸的(de)(de)威(wei)力(li)在隧道中切(qie)割(ge)出(chu)(chu)十(shi)分平順的(de)(de)輪廓(kuo)線,的(de)(de)控(kong)制了(le)爆(bao)破量,有效(xiao)(xiao)管控(kong)了(le)超挖欠挖的(de)(de)現象(xiang)。為了(le)進(jin)一步嚴格控(kong)制開挖輪廓(kuo),達到提高光面(mian)爆(bao)破效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de),并研(yan)究出(chu)(chu)了(le)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管上(shang)(shang)兩個“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”變為三個“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”的(de)(de)發明設(she)計,目(mu)前(qian),該發明設(she)計已(yi)經進(jin)入到了(le)試(shi)生產階段。未(wei)來,三“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”設(she)計的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)水壓爆(bao)破技術將推動中鐵(tie)十(shi)四局四公司(si)張吉(ji)懷鐵(tie)路(lu)項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)施工(gong)開展(zhan)(zhan)邁上(shang)(shang)一個新(xin)的(de)(de)臺階,給項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)帶來巨(ju)大的(de)(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益。工(gong)程爆(bao)破技術經過幾十(shi)年的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan),已(yi)經滲透(tou)到經濟(ji)建設(she)的(de)(de)眾多領域,特別為中國的(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設(she)、礦山開采(cai)、城市拆舊定向爆(bao)破等做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)了(le)重要貢獻(xian)。
在鐵路、礦山、水庫等大型工程中,多向聚能管價格爆破技術的作用很關鍵很重要。采礦修路的開山挖隧道,城市對舊建筑物的拆除,都會用到爆破技術。隨著經濟的發展、工程建設的增多,專業多向聚能管爆(bao)破引(yin)起了(le)(le)人們更多的(de)關注。爆(bao)破聚能(neng)(neng)管作(zuo)為一(yi)種(zhong)科學技術(shu),應用(yong)(yong)很廣,但在工程上的(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑是重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)、常(chang)見的(de),采礦開山(shan)(shan),修(xiu)鐵路、公(gong)(gong)路用(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)爆(bao)法來開掘隧(sui)道(dao),水利(li)工程上也(ye)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)些(xie),城(cheng)市里面也(ye)使用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le),拆(chai)除樓房。利(li)用(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)炸產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)巨大(da)能(neng)(neng)量破壞某種(zhong)物體的(de)原結(jie)構,這(zhe)種(zhong)"破壞"效果不(bu)是其他方法能(neng)(neng)代替的(de),它雖然不(bu)是獨立完成一(yi)個(ge)工程,但卻(que)是一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)工序,特別是石方開挖、礦山(shan)(shan)開采等(deng)工程缺少了(le)(le)這(zhe)個(ge)工序還不(bu)行。中國(guo)目前有(you)發達的(de)鐵路和(he)公(gong)(gong)路交通網(wang),可以想(xiang)象,當(dang)初(chu)在修(xiu)這(zhe)些(xie)路的(de)時候(hou)會遇到(dao)許(xu)多高山(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling),一(yi)座大(da)山(shan)(shan)橫在兩(liang)地之間,想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)修(xiu)路,就必須讓這(zhe)座山(shan)(shan)消(xiao)失,這(zhe)個(ge)時候(hou)聚能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破就起到(dao)決(jue)定性作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)。
使(shi)用(yong)單位或經銷(xiao)商在日常采(cai)購(gou)(gou)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)搜索引(yin)擎搜索生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)廠商并購(gou)(gou)買產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)已(yi)經成為很多企業和經銷(xiao)商的主(zhu)要采(cai)購(gou)(gou)手段。根據我們從(cong)事網(wang)絡營銷(xiao)的經歷,總結出以(yi)下幾點(dian)注意(yi)事項,希(xi)望能對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)的企業起到一些幫(bang)助作(zuo)用(yong)。1、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)型號規(gui)格、質量標準、技術參數應(ying)與(yu)(yu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)計劃相符(fu)。2、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)時(shi),就是(shi)通過(guo)搜索引(yin)擎搜索自己需求的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),找(zhao)出生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和銷(xiao)售該(gai)(gai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的企業,然后查看該(gai)(gai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業網(wang)站是(shi)否經過(guo)其所在省份工(gong)信廳備(bei)案,并登錄查驗。3、查看該(gai)(gai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業網(wang)站欄目配置(zhi)、欄目內(nei)容是(shi)否足(zu)夠專業,如(ru)大量出現與(yu)(yu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)無(wu)關、雜亂無(wu)章的,聯系地(di)(di)址標明(ming)xxx工(gong)業區、示范(fan)園(yuan)而沒(mei)有(you)路牌號的,只(zhi)有(you)手機號碼(ma)而沒(mei)有(you)固定電話(hua)、傳(chuan)真地(di)(di)的,足(zu)可認定該(gai)(gai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業為非正規(gui)的家庭(ting)作(zuo)坊,不宜(yi)作(zuo)為采(cai)購(gou)(gou)對(dui)象。
1、先試探性(xing)的(de)咨詢制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)(ren)員:您(nin)要(yao)(yao)訂爆破(po)(po)線產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)型號中(zhong)字(zi)(zi)母表示(shi)意思;規格(ge)(ge)中(zhong)的(de)數字(zi)(zi)表示(shi)意思;執行標準(zhun)中(zhong)的(de)字(zi)(zi)母及(ji)(ji)數字(zi)(zi)的(de)表示(shi)意思。如果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)(ren)員回答時支支吾吾、一(yi)(yi)知半解甚至一(yi)(yi)無所知,可(ke)想而(er)知,其(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量如何。2、任何一(yi)(yi)種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有(you)(you)其(qi)適用范(fan)圍(wei)和(he)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)使用環(huan)境。咨詢您(nin)要(yao)(yao)訂爆破(po)(po)線產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)性(xing)能、具體使用辦(ban)法、使用環(huan)境要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。如果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)(ren)員給(gei)您(nin)的(de)答復與您(nin)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不一(yi)(yi)致,應判(pan)定(ding)(ding)為:爆破(po)(po)線制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)型號規格(ge)(ge)單一(yi)(yi)或者(zhe)其(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)只是對其(qi)他廠商(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)簡單模仿。3、正(zheng)規產(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有(you)(you)其(qi)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝和(he)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)。原(yuan)材(cai)料合(he)格(ge)(ge)供應商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)選擇評定(ding)(ding)→原(yuan)材(cai)料購進、運(yun)輸(shu)、儲存(cun)、保管(guan)→生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)→不合(he)格(ge)(ge)品(pin)的(de)處置(zhi)及(ji)(ji)糾正(zheng)措施→運(yun)輸(shu)交付→售(shou)(shou)后服務均有(you)(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)操作規程(cheng)(cheng)。咨詢爆破(po)(po)線制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)(ren)員任何一(yi)(yi)個節(jie)點,就可(ke)知其(qi)是否(fou)有(you)(you)能力(生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理水平、專業設備及(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)檢測設備)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出合(he)格(ge)(ge)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。
在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong),常用(yong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)有:電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha),進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需(xu)的器(qi)材(cai)有:電(dian)(dian)雷管、導線(xian)和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的連(lian)(lian)接形式,要根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模(mo)、工程的重要性(xing)、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)等進行(xing)選擇(ze),基(ji)本連(lian)(lian)接方(fang)(fang)式有:串(chuan)(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)(chuan)并聯和并串(chuan)(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有較(jiao)(jiao)安全(quan)、可靠、準確、高效(xiao)等優點(dian),在國內外(wai)仍占有較(jiao)(jiao)大比重。在大、中(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong),主(zhu)要仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的干(gan)擾(rao)而發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),因(yin)此(ci)在有雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)的環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong),不能(neng)(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)雷管。