水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術,是在水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術基礎(chu)上發展(zhan)起來的(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)(ji)術,其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥結構和爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同,但(dan)在周(zhou)邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線,利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產(chan)生的(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應(ying)(ying)力及“氣楔”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),形成(cheng)平整圓順(shun)的(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面(mian),對(dui)控制超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)果,有效(xiao)提升(sheng)了隧道施工質量、進(jin)度(du)和經濟效(xiao)益。科(ke)學合(he)理(li)地利(li)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源,提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率,對(dui)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要(yao)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)(liang)端的(de)水平開(kai)出的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)巖(yan)石(shi)進(jin)行(xing)破(po)(po)碎。據(ju)專(zhuan)家測(ce)算,由(you)于聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)(liang)端聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割(ge)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying),其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提升(sheng)一(yi)個量級。
采(cai)用(yong)一(yi)種(zhong)抗靜電阻燃的(de)(de)(de)特種(zhong)塑料管(guan)、異(yi)形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan),根據炮眼深(shen)度可(ke)長可(ke)短(duan)。是兩個相似半(ban)壁管(guan)組成,半(ban)壁管(guan)中央有(you)個凹(ao)進(jin)(jin)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做(zuo)'聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)",使(shi)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成型效果(guo)好,開挖輪廓(kuo)線平順整齊,圍(wei)巖擾動(dong)減(jian)少(shao)、超欠挖明顯改(gai)善,有(you)利于(yu)支護(hu)工序施工,同時(shi)混凝土(tu)回填成本大(da)為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔率(lv)(lv)減(jian)少(shao)30%,大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作業工班的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)量(liang):鉆(zhan)孔縮短(duan)30分(fen)鐘、少(shao)打眼、出渣量(liang)減(jian)少(shao),降(jiang)低(di)了(le)材料成本、減(jian)少(shao)工時(shi)消(xiao)耗(hao)、勞動(dong)效率(lv)(lv)明顯提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao),周邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成本降(jiang)低(di)30%以(yi)上(shang),半(ban)眼痕保留(liu)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)達85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要應用(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等(deng)需要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施工的(de)(de)(de)工程。采(cai)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)鉆(zhan)孔,擴大(da)孔距,減(jian)少(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)用(yong)量(liang),減(jian)少(shao)超挖,減(jian)少(shao)噴漿,提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)半(ban)孔率(lv)(lv),既節省了(le)成本又提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)施工效率(lv)(lv)。
施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝嚴(yan)格遵循(xun)六字方(fang)針(掛滿(man)、貼緊、對準(zhun)):(1)要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量,炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)必須按(an)技(ji)術要求合理布置。(2)要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)掏(tao)槽(cao)眼(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其他(ta)眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的(de)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量,一定(ding)要在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)位置上打眼(yan)(yan);二要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)乳(ru)化炸藥在(zai)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)中空內壁中填充飽滿(man)不得有空隙出現(xian)時(shi)以(yi)產生拒爆。(4)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)中裝(zhuang)填時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)兩條聚能槽(cao)指向(xiang)巷道輪(lun)廓線(xian)(xian)方(fang)向(xiang)并且各個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)聚能槽(cao)軸線(xian)(xian)方(fang)面要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)相(xiang)互(hu)連接在(zai)隧道輪(lun)廓線(xian)(xian)上。否則成型效果不僅不好(hao),反而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)堵(du)塞質(zhi)量。(6)放炮(pao)員(yuan)應提前按(an)規(gui)定(ding)裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)炸藥,并做好(hao)準(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作。試用范圍:一級至五級圍巖的(de)光面爆破工(gong)(gong)程。
我國20世紀60年代利用(yong)(yong)斷裂力學(xue)對巖石(shi)損傷引起的(de)裂紋擴展進(jin)行過試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到工(gong)程(cheng)做(zuo)了不少理(li)論分析,也取(qu)得(de)一(yi)些進(jin)展。80年代中期開(kai)始進(jin)行應(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),以(yi)北京礦(kuang)業(ye)學(xue)院(yuan)為代表(biao),著重研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)了聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥包(bao)切割饑理(li)和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。1987年淮(huai)南礦(kuang)業(ye)學(xue)院(yuan)取(qu)得(de)“雙面切割器(qi)”的(de)zhuanli,1995年又(you)取(qu)得(de)“大(da)理(li)石(shi)花(hua)崗巖切割技(ji)術應(ying)用(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年中國水(shui)電七局曾試(shi)(shi)圖采用(yong)(yong)硬質(zhi)紙加工(gong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥管成形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥卷做(zuo)過聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)預裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),但終因當時的(de)技(ji)術及工(gong)藝水(shui)平(ping)的(de)限制無法(fa)用(yong)(yong)于正常施(shi)工(gong),但是(shi)他們開(kai)了橢圓雙極線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)結構試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)先河。雙聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)預裂與(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)綜合技(ji)術開(kai)創輪廓控制爆(bao)(bao)破(po)新時代。
在工程爆破中,礦用型聚能管廠家常用的起爆方法有:電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸,進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有:電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式,要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇,深圳礦用型聚能管基本(ben)連接(jie)方(fang)式有(you):串(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)安全、可(ke)靠、準確、高效等優(you)點,在國內外仍占有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大比重(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong),主要(yao)仍是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在有(you)瓦斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的(de)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法。但電(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao),因此在有(you)雜(za)散(san)電(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)、雷電(dian)、射頻電(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong),不能(neng)使用普通電(dian)雷管(guan)。