的(de)(de)軍事(shi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)：聚能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)，早在二次(ci)世(shi)界大(da)戰(zhan)期間就在軍事(shi)方(fang)面廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。國(guo)(guo)內(nei)在聚能(neng)(neng)破(po)(po)(po)甲技術(shu)(shu)(shu)如大(da)錐(zhui)角(jiao)反(fan)艦(jian)導彈戰(zhan)斗部和(he)大(da)錐(zhui)角(jiao)反(fan)坦克地雷以(yi)及(ji)敏感(gan)彈戰(zhan)斗部等(deng)方(fang)面取得(de)了(le)較為快速的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，我國(guo)(guo)20世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)(nian)代打(da)破(po)(po)(po)國(guo)(guo)外技術(shu)(shu)(shu)封鎖獨(du)立(li)自主(zhu)研(yan)發成功(gong)原子(zi)彈就是得(de)力(li)于(yu)聚能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)轟擊(ji)核裝置而引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)原子(zi)彈。的(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)(bao)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)——切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)：聚能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程建(jian)設也(ye)是20世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)(nian)代開(kai)(kai)始的(de)(de)，首(shou)先是瑞典(dian)的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)利用(yong)(yong)槽(cao)口應(ying)(ying)力(li)集(ji)中(zhong)定向(xiang)開(kai)(kai)裂的(de)(de)設想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效的(de)(de)。70年(nian)(nian)代國(guo)(guo)外廣泛研(yan)究和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)了(le)切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)。

給(gei)大家介紹(shao)下(xia)爆(bao)破(po)(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管的(de)技(ji)術原理∶炸(zha)藥爆(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)爆(bao)轟波通(tong)(tong)過聚能(neng)(neng)管的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽，將(jiang)炸(zha)藥的(de)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)、勢能(neng)(neng)轉換成高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)、高(gao)(gao)速、高(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)的(de)射(she)流，切割演示(shi)成縫(feng)。射(she)流在(zai)孔(kong)壁(bi)產生射(she)流壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)達7000MPa，巖石動(dong)(dong)載抗壓(ya)(ya)強度為(wei)(wei)200MPa，抗拉(la)為(wei)(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)(ya)強度，相鄰(lin)兩(liang)炮(pao)孔(kong)互(hu)為(wei)(wei)鄰(lin)空面(mian)，疊加后的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮波變為(wei)(wei)稀(xi)疏波，在(zai)兩(liang)炮(pao)眼連(lian)線上使巖石結構斷裂，形成裂紋。準(zhun)靜態氣體(ti)膨脹(zhang)，靜態壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)在(zai)兩(liang)炮(pao)孔(kong)最短連(lian)線兩(liang)側產生拉(la)力(li)(li)使巖石裂縫(feng)進(jin)一步(bu)擴(kuo)(kuo)展。根據爆(bao)破(po)(po)應力(li)(li)集(ji)中氣刃作用原則，爆(bao)破(po)(po)氣體(ti)沿裂縫(feng)進(jin)一步(bu)擴(kuo)(kuo)大貫通(tong)(tong)，拋落巖石。

我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)行(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)中預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成為必須進(jin)行(xing)的保護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)質量(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)修(xiu)訂的《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及(ji)在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入并(bing)有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道(dao)部(bu)也不僅規(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的巖(yan)石邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)，設(she)計邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)部(bu)位(wei)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或(huo)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)計的原(yuan)則和(he)參(can)數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)(le)路(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量(liang)驗收檢測(ce)數量(liang)和(he)檢測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)程的實施(shi)(shi)，有力(li)地推動和(he)促進(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設(she)中的應(ying)用與發(fa)展。

專業多向聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。汕頭多向聚能管水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循環節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用258.4元，即每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約76較(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用比(bi)例(li)達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有效降低隧道內(nei)石(shi)渣(zha)塊(kuai)度和粉塵(chen)含量(liang)，還可(ke)使(shi)通風時(shi)間有效縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝技術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟(shu)、可(ke)操作(zuo)性很(hen)強(qiang)、材料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)速度很(hen)快、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效果(guo)很(hen)顯著、經濟效益(yi)社(she)會效益(yi)很(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)是(shi)近幾年(nian)發展起來的(de)一項掘進新技術(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)與(yu)傳統的(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)有一定(ding)(ding)的(de)差別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理(li)是(shi)在(zai)巷道周邊(bian)眼中,將炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管中起爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)利用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用,以減少裂(lie)隙的(de)數量(liang)和控制優勢(shi)裂(lie)隙的(de)發展方向(xiang)。