聚(ju)能(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼體、引信(xin)和(he)支架等部分(fen)組成(cheng)，其(qi)作用(yong)及對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)包威(wei)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)分(fen)述(shu)如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)彈威(wei)力(li)(li)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)；為(wei)得(de)到(dao)高爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)，需高爆(bao)(bao)速、高密度(du)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)熔(rong)鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是把炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)轉化(hua)成(cheng)罩(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)射流動(dong)能(neng)，從而(er)提高其(qi)穿(chuan)透(tou)和(he)切割(ge)能(neng)力(li)(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點要(yao)求，即可壓(ya)縮性小、密度(du)高、塑性和(he)延展性好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)不汽化(hua)。大(da)(da)量(liang)試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅制(zhi)作型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣，主要(yao)有(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇(la)叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)于切割(ge)屬(shu)板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)直線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)于切割(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)包，中(zhong)心有(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔和(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷(fu)設炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)在瞬間同時起爆(bao)(bao)，可在空(kong)腔中(zhong)心點獲得(de)極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

一、查驗生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)資質：1、經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)法人(ren)(ren)營業(ye)執照：一般情況下(xia)，個體工商(shang)戶、個人(ren)(ren)獨資企(qi)業(ye)注冊(ce)資金低于人(ren)(ren)民幣五十萬(wan)元的(de)(de)(de)(de)即可(ke)認(ren)定為(wei)(wei)家庭作坊式廠家。2、具備一般納稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)資格的(de)(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)務(wu)登記證(zheng)：企(qi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)年(nian)(nian)度(du)銷售額達到或(huo)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一定金額（以稅(shui)務(wu)發票(piao)開(kai)具數額為(wei)(wei)準）并經(jing)主管(guan)稅(shui)務(wu)機關核準、具備獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)票(piao)場所(suo)、專職會計(ji)及(ji)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦稅(shui)機具才能升級為(wei)(wei)一般納稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)企(qi)業(ye)。3、經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織機構(gou)代碼(ma)證(zheng)：組織機構(gou)代碼(ma)證(zheng)是(shi)中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)境(jing)內始(shi)終不變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法定代碼(ma)標識，未經(jing)年(nian)(nian)度(du)審驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)視為(wei)(wei)非法機構(gou)。4、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家強制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書：一般情況下(xia)，所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)只要生產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家強制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)范圍(wei)內產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必須通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家強制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)（CCC）。依基本常識判斷(duan)，既然單(dan)位名稱為(wei)(wei)“xxx電線廠”“xxx線纜廠”，其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)未通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)或(huo)從未通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家強制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)，證(zheng)明其硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)、軟件(jian)(jian)設施及(ji)人(ren)(ren)員配備根本達不到一個合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜生產(chan)(chan)(chan)廠家應具備的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)。5、國(guo)(guo)(guo)際質量(liang)體系認(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書：ISO國(guo)(guo)(guo)際質量(liang)體系認(ren)證(zheng)是(shi)一個企(qi)業(ye)整(zheng)體素質、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)管(guan)理水平(ping)以及(ji)服(fu)務(wu)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志(zhi)。6、開(kai)戶許可(ke)證(zheng)。

預(yu)裂(lie)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)歷(li)史與現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)：預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開(kai)挖(wa)邊界(jie)布置密集炮孔，采取不耦合裝(zhuang)藥或(huo)裝(zhuang)填(tian)低(di)威(wei)力炸藥，在主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之(zhi)前(qian)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保留區(qu)之(zhi)間形成(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)裂(lie)縫，以減弱主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保留巖體的(de)破(po)(po)(po)壞并形成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)整輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業。光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開(kai)挖(wa)邊界(jie)布設密集炮孔，采用不耦合裝(zhuang)藥或(huo)裝(zhuang)填(tian)低(di)威(wei)力炸藥，在主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后(hou)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以形成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)整的(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)發展是先出現(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然(ran)后(hou)衍生發展為預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚(ju)能(neng)管國(guo)內(nei)歷(li)史與現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)，我國(guo)于1964～1965年在湖北(bei)陸水水電站施工(gong)中做過淺(qian)孔預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗，1965年鐵(tie)(tie)道部門(men)在成(cheng)(cheng)昆鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設中開(kai)始試驗光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年在西延線張家船工(gong)點(dian)，全長近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)塹(qian)(qian)邊坡(po)全部采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊坡(po)平(ping)整穩(wen)定，殘留的(de)半孔清晰可見，是鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設中采用路(lu)塹(qian)(qian)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。

專用多向聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。汕頭多向聚能管是兩個相(xiang)似半(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)中央有個凹進去(qu)的槽(cao)叫做'聚能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)型效果好，開挖輪廓線平(ping)順整(zheng)齊(qi)，圍(wei)巖(yan)擾(rao)動(dong)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超(chao)欠挖明顯改善，有利于支護工(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong)，同時混凝(ning)土回填成(cheng)本大(da)為降(jiang)(jiang)低。鑿孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破作業工(gong)(gong)班(ban)的勞(lao)動(dong)量:鉆(zhan)孔(kong)縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼、出渣量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)(le)材料(liao)成(cheng)本、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)時消耗、勞(lao)動(dong)效率(lv)(lv)明顯提高，周邊眼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)本降(jiang)(jiang)低30%以上，半(ban)眼痕保留率(lv)(lv)高達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要應用(yong)于隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要進行(xing)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破施工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)大(da)孔(kong)距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高半(ban)孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)，既節省了(le)(le)成(cheng)本又提高了(le)(le)施工(gong)(gong)效率(lv)(lv)。

光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)技術優(you)(you)勢：相(xiang)對于(yu)傳統爆(bao)破(po)工藝，聚能管(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)比(bi)常規爆(bao)破(po)具有以(yi)下(xia)優(you)(you)勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆(zhan)孔量50%，總鉆(zhan)孔進(jin)尺(chi)減少30%；節約炸(zha)藥10～20%，雷管(guan)30%。節約噴漿(jiang)(jiang)料15-20%。節省時(shi)間∶每循環鉆(zhan)孔、裝藥、噴漿(jiang)(jiang)時(shi)間1.5-2.0小時(shi)。在安全(quan)方面利用水沙袋替(ti)代炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)，以(yi)避免搗炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)損毀電雷管(guan)導線(xian)，造(zao)成瞎炮(pao)(pao)。大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少對圍巖擾動，光(guang)面效果好，巖性條(tiao)件差情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少超(chao)挖量，控(kong)制巷(xiang)道成型(xing)(xing)；巖性完整無(wu)節理(li)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)眼痕(hen)率可(ke)以(yi)達到(dao)90%以(yi)上，巷(xiang)道成型(xing)(xing)好，穩(wen)定(ding)性強(qiang)。布孔方式優(you)(you)化(hua)成多排(pai)掏槽(cao)布孔，單次掘(jue)進(jin)深度可(ke)以(yi)優(you)(you)化(hua)提高10%到(dao)15%不(bu)等。由于(yu)炮(pao)(pao)孔數量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少可(ke)以(yi)考慮(lv)一起全(quan)斷面起爆(bao)，節省放炮(pao)(pao)時(shi)間。