水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在隧道(dao)掘進(jin)(jin)(jin)作業中(zhong)的實際應(ying)用。提(ti)升光面爆(bao)破(po)水平(ping)、嚴(yan)抓隧道(dao)超挖管控進(jin)(jin)(jin)行了介紹(shao)。聚能(neng)水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)(gong)速(su)度很(hen)快、節能(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益社會效(xiao)(xiao)益很(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)是要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)對(dui)推(tui)廣該項技(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)性和必然性的認識(shi);二是要(yao)樹立必須(xu)采取(qu)聚能(neng)水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)的意識(shi);三(san)是要(yao)堅持培訓、示范、監督(du)“三(san)位一(yi)體”;四是要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切實的獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)度;五是要(yao)建立檢查(cha)監督(du)機制(zhi)(zhi)，持續促進(jin)(jin)(jin)該項技(ji)術(shu)的深入推(tui)廣。在隧道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)的現場管理、科技(ji)創(chuang)新、人才培養、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益等方(fang)面的不足。建議對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)一(yi)線(xian)基礎技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作扎實推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)法要(yao)深入學(xue)習鉆研;對(dui)消極(ji)懈怠、故步自封的思(si)想(xiang)要(yao)堅決(jue)抵(di)制(zhi)(zhi)。

預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)與光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術的歷(li)史與現狀(zhuang)：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是沿設(she)計(ji)開(kai)挖(wa)邊界布置密(mi)集(ji)炮孔(kong)，采(cai)取不(bu)耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低威(wei)(wei)力炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保留區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)間形成預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)縫，以減(jian)弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)對保留巖體的破(po)(po)壞(huai)并形成平(ping)(ping)整輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業。光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是沿設(she)計(ji)開(kai)挖(wa)邊界布設(she)密(mi)集(ji)炮孔(kong)，采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低威(wei)(wei)力炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的以形成平(ping)(ping)整的開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術的發展(zhan)是先出現光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，然后衍生發展(zhan)為預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。聚能管(guan)國(guo)內歷(li)史與現狀(zhuang)，我國(guo)于1964～1965年在(zai)(zai)(zai)湖北陸(lu)水(shui)水(shui)電站施工(gong)中(zhong)做過(guo)淺孔(kong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年鐵道部門在(zai)(zai)(zai)成昆鐵路建設(she)中(zhong)開(kai)始試驗(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)延線張家船工(gong)點，全(quan)(quan)長近200m的2000m2路塹邊坡(po)全(quan)(quan)部采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后邊坡(po)平(ping)(ping)整穩定，殘留的半孔(kong)清晰可(ke)見，是鐵路建設(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)路塹光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。

對(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),是(shi)(shi)從(cong)兩個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)去(qu)考慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)方面(mian)是(shi)(shi)炸和起爆(bao)(bao)器材以及對(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞(huai)作(zuo)用進(jin)行限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措(cuo)施,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)被動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)。兩者對(dui)阻止(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞(huai)性有(you)(you)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性,但(dan)在具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中,則常常會有(you)(you)變(bian)化不定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象和后果(guo),因此,必須(xu)對(dui)每一(yi)項工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)破(po)(po)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況作(zuo)細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研究(jiu),從(cong)而采取(qu)適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)策(ce)。同(tong)時，雖然技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不斷(duan)取(qu)得進(jin)步，須(xu)在操作(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)中注(zhu)意(yi)每個(ge)(ge)工(gong)序，按照安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)認真作(zuo)業。只要(yao)嚴格遵守安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)、正確地采取(qu)安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施和防護措(cuo)施,任何規(gui)模、任何種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)可以確保安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)些(xie)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)經(jing)驗(yan)教訓(xun)和理論根據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚(shen)至是(shi)(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教訓(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所以一(yi)定要(yao)克服麻痹思想，嚴格執行安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定，決(jue)不能以沒出過事故而輕(qing)率地"突破(po)(po)"規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。

礦用型雙向聚能管廠家使用單位或經銷商在日常采購中使用搜索引擎搜索生產廠商并購買產品已經成為很多企業和經銷商的主要采購手段。根據我們從事網絡營銷的經歷，礦用型雙向聚能管廠家總(zong)結出(chu)以下幾(ji)點注意事項，希望能對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)起(qi)到一些幫助作用。1、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)產品型號規格、質(zhi)量標準、技(ji)術參數應與(yu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)計(ji)劃相符(fu)。2、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)產品時，就是(shi)通過(guo)搜索引擎搜索自己需求的(de)產品，找出(chu)生產和(he)銷售(shou)該(gai)產品的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，然(ran)后查(cha)看(kan)該(gai)生產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)網(wang)站(zhan)是(shi)否(fou)經過(guo)其所在省份(fen)工信廳備(bei)案，并登(deng)錄查(cha)驗。3、查(cha)看(kan)該(gai)生產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)網(wang)站(zhan)欄目配置、欄目內容是(shi)否(fou)足夠專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，如大量出(chu)現(xian)與(yu)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)產品無關、雜亂無章(zhang)的(de)，聯系地址標明xxx工業(ye)(ye)區、示范(fan)園而(er)沒(mei)有路(lu)牌號的(de)，只有手機號碼而(er)沒(mei)有固定電(dian)話、傳真(zhen)地的(de)，足可認定該(gai)生產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)非正規的(de)家庭作坊(fang)，不宜作為(wei)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)對(dui)象(xiang)。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常用的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)炸藥的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需(xu)的器(qi)材(cai)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導(dao)(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的連接(jie)形式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的重要性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)進(jin)行選(xuan)擇，基本連接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內(nei)外仍占有(you)(you)較大比重。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要仍是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)炸的環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的干擾而發(fa)生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中(zhong)，不能使用普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

是由管(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構(gou)成，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)為(wei)塑(su)性材料制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼內徑(jing)，長(chang)度可隨爆(bao)破需要生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩端(duan)各有外(wai)螺(luo)紋，兩端(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)紋間(jian)有一縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間(jian)等距有加強(qiang)筋，前錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)尖有一光孔，兩側直壁內徑(jing)有螺(luo)紋，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)前端(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)大(da)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)，后定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為(wei)一封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)直徑(jing)大(da)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)，與(yu)(yu)前錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)一致，后定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)有螺(luo)紋，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)后端(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合(he)。可根據炮眼深度采(cai)用合(he)適的聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)，不(bu)需其(qi)他(ta)工具幫助送入(ru)炮眼，切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確，兩端(duan)的前錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)(yu)炮眼內徑(jing)一致，保證聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)同(tong)心，定(ding)向(xiang)準確。且(qie)利于(yu)工業化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，作(zuo)業安(an)全