專業爆破多向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術在隧道掘進作業中的實際應用。提升光面爆破水平、嚴抓隧道超挖管控進行了介紹。聚能水壓光面爆破工藝技術很成熟、可操作性很強、材料成本很低、施工速度很快、節能環保效果很顯著、經濟效益社會效益很高。一是要提高對推廣該項技術重要性和必然性的認識;二是要樹立必須采取聚能水壓光面爆破的意識;三是要堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是要制定切實的獎懲制度;五是要建立檢查監督機制，持續促進該項技術的深入推廣。爆破多向聚能管公司在隧道施工(gong)(gong)的現場(chang)管理、科(ke)技(ji)創新、人才培養、經濟(ji)效益等方面的不足。建議(yi)對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)一線基(ji)礎(chu)技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎(zha)實推進;對(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝、先進工(gong)(gong)法(fa)要深(shen)入學習鉆(zhan)研;對(dui)消極懈怠、故步自封的思想(xiang)要堅決(jue)抵(di)制。

我國于1983年制定了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖行(xing)基礎開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必(bi)須進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護邊(bian)坡質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)(zai)此(ci)基礎上修訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石(shi)基礎開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石(shi)基礎開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編(bian)(bian)入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編(bian)(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也(ye)不僅規(gui)定了(le)凡(fan)是Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖石(shi)邊(bian)坡，設(she)計邊(bian)坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)坡部位的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則和(he)(he)參數、安全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量驗收檢測(ce)數量和(he)(he)檢測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有力地(di)推動和(he)(he)促進了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)與發展。

給大家(jia)介(jie)紹下爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)技術原理∶炸藥爆(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)爆(bao)轟波通過聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽，將炸藥的(de)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、勢能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換成(cheng)高壓、高速、高能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)射流，切割演示成(cheng)縫。射流在孔壁(bi)產生(sheng)射流壓力(li)達(da)7000MPa，巖石(shi)(shi)動(dong)(dong)載抗(kang)壓強(qiang)度為200MPa，抗(kang)拉為1/8～1/10的(de)抗(kang)壓強(qiang)度，相鄰(lin)兩(liang)炮孔互為鄰(lin)空(kong)面，疊加后的(de)壓縮波變為稀(xi)疏波，在兩(liang)炮眼連(lian)(lian)線上使巖石(shi)(shi)結構(gou)斷裂(lie)，形成(cheng)裂(lie)紋。準靜態(tai)氣(qi)體膨(peng)脹，靜態(tai)壓力(li)在兩(liang)炮孔最短連(lian)(lian)線兩(liang)側(ce)產生(sheng)拉力(li)使巖石(shi)(shi)裂(lie)縫進(jin)一步擴(kuo)展。根(gen)據爆(bao)破(po)應力(li)集中氣(qi)刃作用原則，爆(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體沿裂(lie)縫進(jin)一步擴(kuo)大貫通，拋落巖石(shi)(shi)。

聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)碎法(fa)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi):不(bu)需要打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，因而不(bu)需要購(gou)買打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)設備和動力(li)(li)設備;施工(gong)簡單，施工(gong)進度(du)(du)比(bi)淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)法(fa)快安全性比(bi)普(pu)通淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)法(fa)和普(pu)通裸露藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)法(fa)好;勞動強度(du)(du)比(bi)淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)法(fa)低。制(zhi)造聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)所采(cai)用的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)有:黑(hei)索金(jin)(jin)和梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混(hun)合熔鑄型(xing)(xing)(xing);乳化油炸(zha)藥(yao)和黑(hei)索金(jin)(jin)混(hun)裝型(xing)(xing)(xing)和二號巖石硝鉸(jiao)炸(zha)藥(yao)壓制(zhi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。根據使用的(de)結果(guo)證明，選(xuan)用密度(du)(du)較大(da)和爆速較高的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)制(zhi)造聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲(huo)得較好的(de)破(po)(po)碎效果(guo)。這主要是(shi)(shi)由于它加工(gong)簡單和破(po)(po)碎能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)較大(da)。在(zai)(zai)礦山由于二次(ci)破(po)(po)碎消耗的(de)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)較多，而且(qie)金(jin)(jin)屬藥(yao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩的(de)加工(gong)費工(gong)又費材料，所以(yi)多不(bu)采(cai)用藥(yao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩。國內生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)一(yi)種用于破(po)(po)碎大(da)塊(kuai)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)，裝置(zhi)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)時，要將藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)垂(chui)直裝在(zai)(zai)大(da)塊(kuai)的(de)頂面上(shang)，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)位置(zhi)應選(xuan)在(zai)(zai)頂面的(de)幾何中(zhong)心或附近較平整的(de)地點(dian)。然后(hou)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)面覆蓋泥沙。

施工工藝(yi)嚴格遵循六(liu)字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對(dui)準)：(1)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)質量(liang),炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)必須(xu)按技術要(yao)求(qiu)合理布置。(2)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)以及其他(ta)眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的打(da)眼(yan)(yan)質量(liang),一定(ding)(ding)要(yao)在規(gui)定(ding)(ding)位置上打(da)眼(yan)(yan);二要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深(shen)度和(he)角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管裝(zhuang)藥時,要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)乳化炸(zha)藥在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管中空內(nei)壁中填(tian)充(chong)飽滿不得有空隙(xi)出現時以產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管在炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)中裝(zhuang)填(tian)時,要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的兩(liang)條(tiao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽指向巷道輪(lun)廓線(xian)(xian)方向并且各個炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)方面要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)相互連(lian)接在隧道輪(lun)廓線(xian)(xian)上。否則成型效(xiao)果(guo)不僅不好(hao),反而更(geng)差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)堵塞(sai)質量(liang)。(6)放炮(pao)(pao)員應提前按規(gui)定(ding)(ding)裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的炸(zha)藥,并做(zuo)好(hao)準備工作。試用(yong)范圍:一級至(zhi)五(wu)級圍巖的光面爆破工程。

專注(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚能(neng)管(guan)批(pi)發銷售(shou)。隨(sui)著中(zhong)國(guo)現代化(hua)建設的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業環境(jing)越來越復雜，對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求可能(neng)也會(hui)越來越高(gao)。盡(jin)管(guan)我們工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術已達到很高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業是一項危險性的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作，大家(jia)知(zhi)道，一次爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)事故，可能(neng)會(hui)造成人民(min)生命和(he)財產的(de)(de)(de)損失，也可能(neng)導致環境(jing)受到破(po)(po)壞。為了(le)安(an)全(quan)，在工(gong)程實踐(jian)中(zhong)，往往有(you)許多要(yao)(yao)(yao)求和(he)標(biao)準需要(yao)(yao)(yao)我們努力(li)去解(jie)決，比如嚴格(ge)控制爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)振動效(xiao)應、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)沖擊波、噪聲、粉塵等影響，要(yao)(yao)(yao)預防電干擾等對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業的(de)(de)(de)威脅，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)關注(zhu)水(shui)土(tu)保持、環境(jing)保護等問題(ti)(ti)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)一直是各(ge)方面所重視的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)，已形成了(le)一種專業化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)范、制度(du)和(he)技(ji)術。如中(zhong)國(guo)自1992年頒(ban)布(bu)《拆除(chu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)程》，通(tong)過拆除(chu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)分級管(guan)理、承擔(dan)單位及人員(yuan)資(zi)格(ge)審(shen)查(cha)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術人員(yuan)培訓與考核、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)審(shen)查(cha)與安(an)全(quan)評估等規(gui)(gui)定，有(you)力(li)地推動了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理，取得了(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)成效(xiao)。