在鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)、水庫(ku)等(deng)大型工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong),爆(bao)破(po)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)很(hen)關(guan)鍵很(hen)重要。采礦(kuang)修路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開山(shan)(shan)挖(wa)隧道,城(cheng)(cheng)市對舊建(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除(chu),都(dou)會用(yong)到爆(bao)破(po)技術。隨著經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)多,爆(bao)破(po)引起(qi)了人們(men)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注。爆(bao)破(po)聚能管作為一(yi)種科學技術,應(ying)用(yong)很(hen)廣,但(dan)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)無(wu)疑是(shi)重要、常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),采礦(kuang)開山(shan)(shan),修鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)、公(gong)路(lu)(lu)用(yong)鉆(zhan)爆(bao)法(fa)來開掘隧道,水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上也(ye)(ye)用(yong)一(yi)些,城(cheng)(cheng)市里面也(ye)(ye)使用(yong)了,拆除(chu)樓房。利用(yong)炸爆(bao)炸產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大能量破(po)壞某種物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原結構,這種"破(po)壞"效果不是(shi)其(qi)他方法(fa)能代替的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它(ta)雖然不是(shi)獨立完成一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),但(dan)卻(que)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序(xu),特別是(shi)石方開挖(wa)、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)開采等(deng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺少(shao)了這個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)還不行。中(zhong)國目(mu)前有(you)發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)和公(gong)路(lu)(lu)交通網,可以想象,當初在修這些路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候會遇到許(xu)多高山(shan)(shan)峻嶺,一(yi)座大山(shan)(shan)橫在兩地之(zhi)間,想要修路(lu)(lu),就(jiu)必須讓這座山(shan)(shan)消失,這個(ge)(ge)(ge)時候聚能管爆(bao)破(po)就(jiu)起(qi)到決定(ding)性作用(yong)了。
水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術,是在(zai)水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術基礎上(shang)發(fa)展起(qi)來的(de)(de)一項新技術,其掏槽眼、輔(fu)助眼裝藥結構和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)式與水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相(xiang)同,但在(zai)周邊(bian)眼中安裝專用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)替代(dai)常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian),利用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)粒子射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣體(ti)應(ying)力及“氣楔”作用(yong)(yong),形成平(ping)整圓(yuan)順的(de)(de)開挖輪廓面,對(dui)控制(zhi)超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)果,有效(xiao)提升了(le)隧(sui)道施工質量(liang)、進度和經濟效(xiao)益(yi)。科學(xue)合理地利用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)源,提高能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv),對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也(ye)十分重要。利用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端的(de)(de)水平(ping)開出的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生(sheng)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流(liu)效(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)巖石進行破(po)碎。據專家(jia)測算,由(you)于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生(sheng)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應(ying),其能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提升一個量(liang)級(ji)。
我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂(lie)力學對巖石(shi)損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)紋擴展進(jin)行過(guo)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究,為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)爆破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)用到(dao)工程(cheng)做了不少(shao)理論(lun)分(fen)析,也取(qu)得(de)(de)一些(xie)進(jin)展。80年代中期開始進(jin)行應(ying)(ying)用研(yan)究,以北京礦業學院為(wei)代表,著重研(yan)究了聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)切割饑理和應(ying)(ying)用。1987年淮南(nan)礦業學院取(qu)得(de)(de)“雙面(mian)切割器”的(de)zhuanli,1995年又(you)取(qu)得(de)(de)“大理石(shi)花崗巖切割技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試(shi)(shi)圖采用硬(ying)質紙加工聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)成形聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)卷做過(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)預裂(lie)爆破(po)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究,但終因(yin)當時(shi)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)及(ji)工藝水平(ping)的(de)限制(zhi)無法用于正常施工,但是他(ta)們開了橢圓雙極(ji)線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)結構(gou)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)先河。雙聚(ju)能(neng)預裂(lie)與光面(mian)爆破(po)綜合(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)開創(chuang)輪廓控(kong)制(zhi)爆破(po)新時(shi)代。
專業深孔爆破多向聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管,根據炮眼深度可長可短。合肥深孔爆破多向聚能管是兩(liang)個(ge)相似半(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)組成(cheng),半(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)中央有個(ge)凹進(jin)去的槽叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽",使(shi)用聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)型效果好(hao),開挖輪(lun)廓線(xian)平順整(zheng)齊(qi),圍巖擾(rao)動減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明顯改善(shan),有利于支護工(gong)序施(shi)工(gong),同時(shi)混(hun)凝土回填成(cheng)本大(da)為降低。鑿(zao)孔(kong)率(lv)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)30%,大(da)大(da)降低了(le)(le)爆(bao)破(po)作業工(gong)班(ban)的勞(lao)動量(liang):鉆孔(kong)縮短(duan)30分(fen)鐘、少(shao)(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣量(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao),降低了(le)(le)材(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)本、減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)時(shi)消耗(hao)、勞(lao)動效率(lv)明顯提高,周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)本降低30%以(yi)上,半(ban)眼(yan)痕保留率(lv)高達85%以(yi)上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要應(ying)用于隧道、煤礦、鐵(tie)礦等需要進(jin)行(xing)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)的工(gong)程。采用聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)可減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong),擴大(da)孔(kong)距(ju),減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)導(dao)爆(bao)管(guan)用量(liang),減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)超挖,減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)噴漿,提高半(ban)孔(kong)率(lv),既(ji)節(jie)省(sheng)了(le)(le)成(cheng)本又提高了(le)(le)施(shi)工(gong)效率(lv)。