我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)(le)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)行(xing)基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)水利水電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)已成為(wei)必(bi)須進行(xing)的(de)保護邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)開挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)此基礎上修訂(ding)的(de)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)(yi)1994)以及在(zai)《水電水利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編入并(bing)有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也(ye)不(bu)僅規定(ding)了(le)(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以上的(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)計(ji)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)或(huo)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，并(bing)闡述(shu)了(le)(le)光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)原(yuan)則和參數、安(an)全(quan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)明確了(le)(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)項(xiang)目質(zhi)量(liang)驗收檢測數量(liang)和檢測方法。無疑該(gai)規程的(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地推動和促進了(le)(le)光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)應用與發展。

水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)，是在(zai)水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎(chu)上發展起來(lai)的(de)(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助(zhu)眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)(yao)結構(gou)和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與(yu)水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替(ti)代(dai)常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和傳(chuan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)粒子射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應(ying)(ying)力(li)及“氣楔(xie)”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，形成平整圓順的(de)(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對控制(zhi)超(chao)欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)提升了隧(sui)道施(shi)工質量、進(jin)度和經濟(ji)效(xiao)益。科學(xue)合理地利(li)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分重(zhong)要。利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)水平開(kai)出的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流(liu)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)對巖石(shi)進(jin)行破(po)(po)碎。據專家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)割效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提升一(yi)個量級。

預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)(de)歷史與(yu)(yu)現狀：預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿設(she)計開挖(wa)邊界布置密集炮孔(kong)，采(cai)取不耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低威力炸藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與(yu)(yu)保留區(qu)之間形成(cheng)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫，以減弱(ruo)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保留巖體的(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)壞并(bing)形成(cheng)平整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業。光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿設(she)計開挖(wa)邊界布設(she)密集炮孔(kong)，采(cai)用不耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低威力炸藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)以形成(cheng)平整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)開挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)是先(xian)出(chu)現光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然后衍(yan)生發(fa)展(zhan)為預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國內歷史與(yu)(yu)現狀，我國于1964～1965年在湖北(bei)陸水(shui)水(shui)電站施工(gong)中(zhong)做過(guo)淺孔(kong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗，1965年鐵道部(bu)門在成(cheng)昆鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)開始(shi)試驗光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年在西延線張家船工(gong)點，全(quan)(quan)長近200m的(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊坡(po)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)采(cai)用光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后邊坡(po)平整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)穩定，殘留的(de)(de)半孔(kong)清晰可見(jian)，是鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用路(lu)塹光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。

專業礦用型聚能管光面爆破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光面爆破比常規爆破具有以下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔量50%，總鉆孔進尺減少30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴漿料15-20%。節省時間∶每循環鉆孔、裝藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。礦用型聚能管價格在安全方(fang)面利(li)用水沙袋替代炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)，以避免(mian)搗炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)損(sun)毀電雷管導(dao)線，造成瞎(xia)炮(pao)(pao)。大大減(jian)少(shao)對(dui)圍巖擾動(dong)，光面效果好(hao)，巖性條(tiao)件差情況下可(ke)(ke)以大大減(jian)少(shao)超(chao)挖量，控制巷道成型；巖性完整無(wu)節理情況下眼痕(hen)率可(ke)(ke)以達到90%以上，巷道成型好(hao)，穩定(ding)性強。布(bu)孔方(fang)式優(you)化成多排(pai)掏槽布(bu)孔，單(dan)次掘進(jin)深度(du)可(ke)(ke)以優(you)化提(ti)高10%到15%不等。由(you)于(yu)炮(pao)(pao)孔數量大大減(jian)少(shao)可(ke)(ke)以考慮一起全斷面起爆，節省放炮(pao)(pao)時間(jian)。