水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)隧道(dao)掘進(jin)(jin)作業中(zhong)的(de)(de)實(shi)際應用。提升光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)水(shui)平、嚴(yan)抓隧道(dao)超(chao)挖管控(kong)進(jin)(jin)行了介紹。聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可(ke)操作性(xing)(xing)(xing)很(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)低(di)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速度很(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益社會效(xiao)(xiao)益很(hen)高。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高對推廣(guang)該項技(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和必然(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi);二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹立(li)必須采取聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)意(yi)識(shi);三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)(jian)持培(pei)訓、示范、監督“三位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定切實(shi)的(de)(de)獎懲(cheng)制(zhi)度;五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)立(li)檢(jian)查監督機(ji)制(zhi)，持續促進(jin)(jin)該項技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)深(shen)入推廣(guang)。在(zai)隧道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)現場管理(li)、科技(ji)創新、人才培(pei)養、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)不足。建(jian)議(yi)對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)一(yi)線基礎技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作扎實(shi)推進(jin)(jin);對新工(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)法(fa)要(yao)(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對消極懈怠、故步自封的(de)(de)思想要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)(jian)決抵制(zhi)。

水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊眼(yan)(yan)單(dan)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)火工品使(shi)用(yong)量上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數量從39個(ge)下降為23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)比(bi)例達(da)32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效降低隧道內石渣塊度(du)和粉(fen)塵含量，還可(ke)使(shi)通風時(shi)間有(you)效縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工藝技(ji)(ji)(ji)術很成熟、可(ke)操作性很強、材料成本很低、施(shi)工速度(du)很快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)保效果很顯著、經濟效益(yi)(yi)社會(hui)效益(yi)(yi)很高。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術是(shi)近幾年發展起(qi)來的(de)一項(xiang)掘進新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術,這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術與傳(chuan)統的(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)差別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)原理是(shi)在(zai)巷(xiang)道周邊眼(yan)(yan)中,將(jiang)炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起(qi)爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)數量和控制優勢(shi)裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)發展方(fang)向。

專業c型聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。c型聚能管公司型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)材料必須滿足四(si)點要求，即可壓縮性(xing)小、密度高、塑性(xing)和延展性(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)不汽化。大量試驗證明(ming)，用紫銅(tong)制作型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)、鋼(gang)和陶(tao)瓷(ci)。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要有軸對稱型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半(ban)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對稱型(xing)，常見的(de)有用于切割屬板材的(de)直(zhi)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和用于切割管材的(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)心對稱型(xing)，這(zhe)種(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能包，中(zhong)心有球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸，若能在瞬間(jian)同(tong)時起爆，可在空腔中(zhong)心點獲得(de)極大的(de)能量集中(zhong)。在工程(cheng)中(zhong)常用的(de)是軸對稱型(xing)和面對稱型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

不(bu)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)事例是有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)倒、實施(shi)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后沒有(you)按(an)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向倒塌等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些事例警示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)(qi)材質量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)到起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路連接等(deng)(deng)，只要(yao)有(you)一(yi)個環節出(chu)現失(shi)誤，都將(jiang)(jiang)影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)，乃至造(zao)成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果(guo)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業無(wu)論是老(lao)舊建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)本(ben)身(shen)還是周圍環境都十分(fen)(fen)復雜，這不(bu)僅要(yao)求認(ren)真調查(cha)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(包括(kuo)施(shi)工(gong)缺陷(xian))，分(fen)(fen)析受力(li)狀況(kuang)，同時(shi)還要(yao)對(dui)采取技(ji)術措施(shi)(如預處理、嵌補、支撐等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠和安(an)全性進行分(fen)(fen)析，對(dui)可能出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)意外(wai)情況(kuang)，應預先制(zhi)定應急方(fang)案(an)，努力(li)避免安(an)全事故(gu)和不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環保(bao)性越(yue)來越(yue)受到人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，同時(shi)，探(tan)索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術，一(yi)直是爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)追(zhui)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。設(she)立掩(yan)蔽體對(dui)物(wu)體加(jia)以保(bao)護(hu)，簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法是用(yong)草(cao)袋(dai)、竹笆(ba)一(yi)類材料覆(fu)蓋在需要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體上(shang)(shang)面;對(dui)房屋和機器(qi)(qi)設(she)備常要(yao)在迎面和頂部豎立排架，用(yong)木板或(huo)荊笆(ba)上(shang)(shang)罩鐵絲網(wang)，抵(di)御(yu)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石(shi)和較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣沖擊波的(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊;對(dui)某些重要(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)打防震孔或(huo)者(zhe)用(yong)預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)將(jiang)(jiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)區和被保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)或(huo)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)施(shi)隔離開來。

是(shi)由管(guan)體、前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵構(gou)成，管(guan)體為塑性材料制成，呈管(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)體外徑(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正常炮(pao)眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆破需(xu)要生(sheng)產，管(guan)體兩端(duan)(duan)各(ge)有外螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，兩端(duan)(duan)外螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)間有一(yi)縱向(xiang)(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)(feng)間等距(ju)有加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)，傘(san)形尖有一(yi)光孔，兩側(ce)直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與管(guan)體外徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配(pei)合(he)，帽(mao)體外徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)體，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵為一(yi)封(feng)蓋(gai)，外徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)體外徑(jing)(jing)，與前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)外徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與管(guan)體外徑(jing)(jing)后端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配(pei)合(he)。可根據炮(pao)眼深度(du)采用合(he)適的聚能管(guan)管(guan)體，不需(xu)其他工具幫助送入炮(pao)眼，切(qie)縫(feng)(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)準確(que)，兩端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)和后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵外徑(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)管(guan)體同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)準確(que)。且利于(yu)工業化生(sheng)產，作(zuo)業安(an)全(quan)