我國(guo)20世紀60年代(dai)(dai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)斷裂(lie)力學對巖(yan)石損傷引(yin)起的裂(lie)紋(wen)擴展進(jin)(jin)行(xing)過(guo)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研究(jiu)，為聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)工(gong)程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進(jin)(jin)展。80年代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期開(kai)始(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研究(jiu)，以北(bei)京(jing)礦(kuang)業學院為代(dai)(dai)表(biao)，著重研究(jiu)了聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包切(qie)割饑理和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。1987年淮(huai)南礦(kuang)業學院取得“雙(shuang)面切(qie)割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖(yan)切(qie)割技(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年中(zhong)國(guo)水電(dian)七局曾試(shi)圖(tu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)硬(ying)質紙加工(gong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷做過(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研究(jiu)，但終因(yin)當(dang)時的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)及工(gong)藝水平的限制(zhi)無法用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于正常(chang)施工(gong)，但是他們開(kai)了橢(tuo)圓雙(shuang)極線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)結構(gou)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的先河。雙(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)與光面爆(bao)破(po)綜合技(ji)(ji)術(shu)開(kai)創(chuang)輪廓控制(zhi)爆(bao)破(po)新時代(dai)(dai)。

在工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而(er)(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連(lian)接形式，要(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程(cheng)的重要(yao)性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選(xuan)擇，基本(ben)連(lian)接方式有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)并聯和并串(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確(que)、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在國(guo)內外(wai)仍占有(you)(you)較大比重。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的干擾而(er)(er)發生(sheng)早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

1、先(xian)試探性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)咨(zi)詢(xun)制造(zao)商銷售人員(yuan)：您要(yao)訂(ding)爆(bao)破線產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)號中(zhong)字母(mu)表示意(yi)思(si)(si)；規(gui)(gui)格(ge)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數字表示意(yi)思(si)(si)；執行標準中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)字母(mu)及數字的(de)(de)(de)(de)表示意(yi)思(si)(si)。如果制造(zao)商銷售人員(yuan)回答時支(zhi)支(zhi)吾吾、一(yi)知(zhi)半解(jie)甚至一(yi)無所知(zhi)，可想而(er)知(zhi)，其(qi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量如何(he)。2、任(ren)何(he)一(yi)種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)都有其(qi)適用范(fan)圍(wei)和(he)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用環境(jing)。咨(zi)詢(xun)您要(yao)訂(ding)爆(bao)破線產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)、具體使(shi)(shi)(shi)用辦法、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用環境(jing)要(yao)求。如果制造(zao)商銷售人員(yuan)給您的(de)(de)(de)(de)答復與您的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求不一(yi)致，應(ying)判定為：爆(bao)破線制造(zao)商生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)型(xing)號規(gui)(gui)格(ge)單一(yi)或(huo)者(zhe)其(qi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)只是(shi)對其(qi)他(ta)廠商產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單模仿。3、正(zheng)規(gui)(gui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)都有其(qi)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)和(he)流程。原材料(liao)合(he)格(ge)供應(ying)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇評(ping)定→原材料(liao)購進、運輸、儲存、保管→生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程質量控制→不合(he)格(ge)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處置(zhi)及糾正(zheng)措施→運輸交(jiao)付→售后服務均有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作規(gui)(gui)程。咨(zi)詢(xun)爆(bao)破線制造(zao)商銷售人員(yuan)任(ren)何(he)一(yi)個(ge)節點，就可知(zhi)其(qi)是(shi)否有能(neng)力（生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管理水(shui)平、專業(ye)設(she)備及過程檢測(ce)設(she)備）生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出合(he)格(ge)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

是(shi)(shi)將炸(zha)(zha)藥裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在聚(ju)能管內(nei)，兩頭均放(fang)置了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)，聚(ju)能管爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)產生的(de)高溫高壓射流，讓(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)產生“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)楔(xie)”效應,使圍巖裂縫(feng)加劇延伸擴展。它是(shi)(shi)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)基礎上發展起(qi)來的(de)一項(xiang)(xiang)新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，區別(bie)只是(shi)(shi)在周邊眼(yan)中安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥管替代(dai)常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線，只要(yao)做到七大(da)關鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)挺拔飽滿、炮(pao)泥(ni)軟硬適中、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填到底、炮(pao)泥(ni)回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藥緊密(mi)相連、槽(cao)面(mian)必(bi)須平行，就能對控(kong)制超欠挖起(qi)到良好效果。在推廣(guang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)基礎上，去年9月，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)成果上，今年更(geng)為深(shen)入(ru)地在興(xing)泉(quan)鐵(tie)(tie)路大(da)嶺隧道、牡佳鐵(tie)(tie)路麻(ma)山隧道采用(yong)了(le)此項(xiang)(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，積累(lei)了(le)成功(gong)經(jing)驗。

水壓光面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技術(shu)，是在水壓光面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技術(shu)基(ji)礎上發展起來的(de)一項新(xin)技術(shu)，其(qi)掏(tao)槽眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和爆破(po)(po)方式與(yu)水壓光面(mian)爆破(po)(po)相同，但在周邊(bian)眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置替代常(chang)規(gui)爆破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆線，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生的(de)粒子射(she)流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓爆破(po)(po)氣體應(ying)力及(ji)“氣楔(xie)”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，形(xing)成平整圓順的(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠(qian)挖(wa)具有良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)了隧道施(shi)工質(zhi)量、進(jin)度(du)和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。科學合(he)理地(di)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排也十分(fen)重要。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端的(de)水平開(kai)出的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射(she)流(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)巖石進(jin)行破(po)(po)碎。據專家測算，由于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比提(ti)升(sheng)一個量級。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，多向聚能管價格在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專用多向聚能管在邊坡(po)部位的爆(bao)破設計和(he)施工都應采用光面(mian)爆(bao)破或預裂爆(bao)破，并闡述了(le)光面(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破施工技術設計的原則(ze)和(he)參(can)數(shu)、安全措施，而且(qie)還明確了(le)路(lu)塹邊坡(po)光面(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破項目質量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測數(shu)量(liang)和(he)檢測方法。無(wu)疑該規程的實施，有力地推動(dong)和(he)促進了(le)光面(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破技術在鐵路(lu)建設中的應用與發展。