在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火(huo)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)雷(lei)(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)器材(cai)有：電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)(de)連接形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力(li)等進行選擇，基(ji)本連接方(fang)式有：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確(que)、高(gao)效等優點，在(zai)國(guo)內外仍占有較(jiao)大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是用電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在(zai)有瓦(wa)斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在(zai)有雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能(neng)(neng)使(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)塑性材(cai)料制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑小于正常炮(pao)眼內徑，長(chang)度可隨爆(bao)破需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)各有(you)外(wai)螺紋(wen)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)外(wai)螺紋(wen)間(jian)有(you)一縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)間(jian)等(deng)距有(you)加(jia)強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)呈(cheng)傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)一光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側直壁內徑有(you)螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑前(qian)端(duan)螺紋(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵為(wei)一封蓋，外(wai)徑直徑大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)外(wai)徑一致，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵內徑有(you)螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑后端(duan)螺紋(wen)配合(he)。可根據炮(pao)眼深度采用(yong)合(he)適的聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需其他工具(ju)幫(bang)助送入炮(pao)眼，切(qie)縫(feng)方向(xiang)準確(que)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)和(he)后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)徑與(yu)炮(pao)眼內徑一致，保證聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確(que)。且(qie)利于工業化生產，作業安(an)全

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和支(zhi)架等部分組成，其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響分述如下。1．炸，炸是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)越大(da)(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力越大(da)(da)；為得到高爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)，需高爆(bao)(bao)速、高密度的(de)(de)(de)炸。常用(yong)炸有(you)(you)梯(ti)(ti)恩梯(ti)(ti)、8321炸等，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)(you)熔(rong)鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)把炸的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從(cong)而提(ti)高其(qi)穿(chuan)透和切割(ge)(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材料必(bi)須(xu)滿足四(si)點要求，即可壓(ya)縮性(xing)(xing)小、密度高、塑性(xing)(xing)和延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流(liu)中(zhong)不汽化。大(da)(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和陶瓷(ci)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)，主要有(you)(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)于切割(ge)(ge)(ge)屬板材的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)于切割(ge)(ge)(ge)管材的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)心有(you)(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間(jian)同時起爆(bao)(bao)，可在空腔中(zhong)心點獲得極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利(li)用導(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)傳遞火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰點燃火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料有(you)：導(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)和點火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)材(cai)料。導(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操作(zuo)簡單、靈活，使用方便，成本較低，廣(guang)泛應(ying)用于(yu)小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)和掘進(jin)(jin)。由(you)于(yu)導(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)速燃、緩燃等(deng)弊病，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中事(shi)故(gu)所(suo)占比重最(zui)大。不能多(duo)處(chu)裝(zhuang)藥同時(shi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)直接(jie)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥包(bao)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)叫(jiao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳至炸藥包(bao)時(shi)，將炸藥引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在(zai)需(xu)要延時(shi)分(fen)段(duan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)地方，將導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)中接(jie)入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就能達到導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)毫秒(miao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)所(suo)需(xu)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料有(you)：雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)和繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等(deng)。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、簇并(bing)聯(lian)、單向(xiang)分(fen)段(duan)并(bing)聯(lian)和雙(shuang)向(xiang)分(fen)段(duan)并(bing)聯(lian)等(deng)。

專業礦用型雙向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術在隧道掘進作業中的實際應用。提升光面爆破水平、嚴抓隧道超挖管控進行了介紹。聚能水壓光面爆破工藝技術很成熟、可操作性很強、材料成本很低、施工速度很快、節能環保效果很顯著、經濟效益社會效益很高。一是要提高對推廣該項技術重要性和必然性的認識;二是要樹立必須采取聚能水壓光面爆破的意識;三是要堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是要制定切實的獎懲制度;五是要建立檢查監督機制，持續促進該項技術的深入推廣。礦用型雙向聚能管廠家在隧(sui)道施工(gong)的(de)現(xian)場(chang)管理、科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)、人才培養、經濟(ji)效益等方面的(de)不(bu)足(zu)。建(jian)議對施工(gong)一線基礎技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)扎(zha)實(shi)推(tui)進;對新(xin)工(gong)藝、先進工(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深入(ru)學習鉆研(yan);對消極懈怠、故步自封的(de)思想要(yao)(yao)堅決抵制。

水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)單循環火工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)鉆孔數量從39個下降(jiang)為23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每(mei)(mei)延米節(jie)約1.37立方(fang)米。水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)(mei)循環節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)(mei)延米節(jie)約76較(jiao)元，節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效降(jiang)低隧(sui)道內(nei)石渣(zha)塊度(du)和粉(fen)塵含量，還可使(shi)通風(feng)時(shi)(shi)間有(you)效縮(suo)短33%。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操作性很(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施工(gong)速度(du)很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效果很(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效益(yi)社會效益(yi)很(hen)高。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是近幾年發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)一項掘進新技(ji)術(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)有(you)一定的(de)差別(bie),聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)原理是在(zai)巷道周(zhou)邊眼(yan)中,將炸(zha)裝在(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong)(yong),以(yi)減少裂隙(xi)的(de)數量和控制優勢(shi)裂隙(xi)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)。