在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、礦山(shan)、水庫等大型工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中，爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)很(hen)關鍵很(hen)重要(yao)。采礦修路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)開山(shan)挖隧(sui)道，城市(shi)對舊建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)拆除，都會用(yong)(yong)到爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術。隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)增多(duo)，爆(bao)破(po)(po)引(yin)起了(le)人們(men)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)。爆(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管作為一(yi)種(zhong)科學技(ji)(ji)術，應用(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣，但在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑是重要(yao)、常見的(de)(de)(de)，采礦開山(shan)，修鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)法來開掘(jue)隧(sui)道，水利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)也用(yong)(yong)一(yi)些，城市(shi)里(li)面也使用(yong)(yong)了(le)，拆除樓房。利用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)爆(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)(de)(de)巨大能(neng)量破(po)(po)壞(huai)某種(zhong)物(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)原結構，這(zhe)種(zhong)"破(po)(po)壞(huai)"效果不(bu)(bu)是其他方法能(neng)代替(ti)的(de)(de)(de)，它雖然不(bu)(bu)是獨立完成一(yi)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，但卻是一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)序，特(te)別是石方開挖、礦山(shan)開采等工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)缺少了(le)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)序還(huan)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)。中國目前有發達的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和公路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)交通網，可以(yi)想象，當初在(zai)修這(zhe)些路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)會遇到許多(duo)高山(shan)峻(jun)嶺，一(yi)座(zuo)大山(shan)橫在(zai)兩地之間，想要(yao)修路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，就(jiu)必須讓這(zhe)座(zuo)山(shan)消失，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)時(shi)候(hou)聚(ju)能(neng)管爆(bao)破(po)(po)就(jiu)起到決定性(xing)作用(yong)(yong)了(le)。

在工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連(lian)接形式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)重要性(xing)、所選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等進(jin)行選擇，基本連(lian)接方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)較安全(quan)、可靠、準確(que)、高效等優點，在國內外仍(reng)占有(you)較大(da)比重。在大(da)、中(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在有(you)瓦(wa)斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

給大(da)家(jia)介紹下爆破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管的(de)技術原(yuan)理∶炸藥爆炸產(chan)生的(de)爆轟波(bo)通(tong)(tong)過聚(ju)能(neng)管的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)槽，將炸藥的(de)動(dong)能(neng)、勢(shi)能(neng)轉換成高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、高速、高能(neng)的(de)射(she)(she)流，切(qie)割演示成縫(feng)。射(she)(she)流在孔(kong)壁產(chan)生射(she)(she)流壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力達7000MPa，巖石動(dong)載抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為200MPa，抗拉為1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度，相鄰兩炮孔(kong)互為鄰空面(mian)，疊加后的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)波(bo)變為稀疏波(bo)，在兩炮眼連線上(shang)使巖石結構斷裂(lie)，形成裂(lie)紋。準靜態氣(qi)體(ti)膨(peng)脹，靜態壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力在兩炮孔(kong)最短連線兩側(ce)產(chan)生拉力使巖石裂(lie)縫(feng)進一步擴(kuo)展。根據爆破(po)應力集中氣(qi)刃作用原(yuan)則(ze)，爆破(po)氣(qi)體(ti)沿裂(lie)縫(feng)進一步擴(kuo)大(da)貫通(tong)(tong)，拋落(luo)巖石。

我國20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代利用(yong)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)力學對(dui)巖石損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)(lie)紋擴(kuo)展(zhan)進(jin)行過試驗(yan)研(yan)究，為聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆破(po)技(ji)術應用(yong)到工(gong)(gong)程做了不少(shao)理(li)論分析，也取(qu)得(de)一些進(jin)展(zhan)。80年(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)期開(kai)始進(jin)行應用(yong)研(yan)究，以北京礦業學院為代表(biao)，著重(zhong)研(yan)究了聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包切割饑理(li)和應用(yong)。1987年(nian)(nian)淮南礦業學院取(qu)得(de)“雙面切割器”的(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)(nian)又取(qu)得(de)“大理(li)石花崗(gang)巖切割技(ji)術應用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)國水電七局曾試圖采用(yong)硬質紙加工(gong)(gong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管成(cheng)形聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷做過聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆破(po)試驗(yan)研(yan)究，但終因當時的(de)技(ji)術及工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)水平的(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)法(fa)用(yong)于正常施工(gong)(gong)，但是他們開(kai)了橢圓雙極線(xian)性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)結構試驗(yan)的(de)先(xian)河。雙聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與光面爆破(po)綜合技(ji)術開(kai)創輪廓控制(zhi)(zhi)爆破(po)新時代。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術基礎(chu)上(shang)發展起(qi)來的(de)一項新技術，其掏槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)裝藥(yao)結(jie)構和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同(tong)，但在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)替代常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)產生(sheng)的(de)粒子(zi)射流動(dong)能(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔(xie)”作用(yong)(yong)，形成平(ping)整圓順的(de)開挖輪廓面，對控(kong)制超欠(qian)挖具(ju)有(you)良好效(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)提升了(le)隧道施(shi)工質量、進度(du)和經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)單(dan)循環(huan)火工品使用(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔(kong)數量從(cong)39個下降(jiang)為23個費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每循環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低隧道內石渣塊度(du)和粉(fen)塵含量，還可使通(tong)風(feng)時間有(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。

在建造隧道的時候，人們首先想到的個方式，就是使用爆破技術，專用爆破多向聚能管開山挖隧道修路，常規爆破技術需要使用數以噸計的炸，炸的威力十分巨大，但是在炸完之后，空氣中全是煙塵，根本無法進入，另外常規爆破炸出來的輪廓線凹凸不平，后期常常需要工人進一步修補輪廓線才能進行下一道工序，耗時耗力，那么有沒有其他的方式比常規爆破技術更好呢？2018年3月，央視報道了一場隧道爆破對比實驗，實驗采用兩種爆破技術，滴喲中是使用炸的常規爆破技術，第二種則是國人新發明的聚能水壓光面爆破技術，隨著聲聲巨響，這場對比試驗的結果超乎所有人的意料，六安爆破多向聚能管聚能水壓爆破技術的(de)爆炸(zha)效果更好，而(er)且(qie)爆破產生的(de)水霧能將煙塵(chen)覆蓋，起到降塵(chen)的(de)作用，這項(xiang)爆破新方式得到了觀眾們的(de)認可(ke)。