各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材意外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)人員(yuan)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)保(bao)(bao)護對象之(zhi)間的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)(地震(zhen)(zhen)、沖(chong)擊波(bo)、飛石、有(you)毒氣(qi)體(ti)等)分別核定(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時,必然(ran)產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)(zhen)、空氣(qi)沖(chong)擊波(bo)、碎石飛散及有(you)害(hai)(hai)氣(qi)體(ti),因此,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)時必須(xu)確(que)(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)(hai)范圍(wei),并確(que)(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人員(yuan)、設備、建筑物及井(jing)巷(xiang)等的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),這(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如(ru)何控制好這(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就顯的(de)(de)尤為(wei)重(zhong)要。為(wei)保(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與(yu)人員(yuan)或其(qi)他(ta)應(ying)保(bao)(bao)護對象之(zhi)間必須(xu)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)短的(de)(de)相隔(ge)長(chang)度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)(hai)效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)增加(jia)有(you)規律地衰減(jian),用距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度(du)可限(xian)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)(hai)效應(ying)在(zai)允許限(xian)度(du)之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li),個(ge)別飛散物安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li),以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊波(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。
水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術基礎(chu)上(shang)發展起(qi)來的一(yi)項新(xin)技術,其掏槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)裝藥結構和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)與水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)相同,但在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)中安(an)裝專(zhuan)用(yong)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)藥卷(juan)和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)(xian),利用(yong)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)藥管產生(sheng)的粒(li)子射(she)流動能(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)氣體(ti)應力及“氣楔”作用(yong),形成(cheng)平整圓順(shun)的開挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian),對控制(zhi)超欠挖(wa)具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)效果(guo),有(you)效提升(sheng)了隧(sui)道施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)、進度和(he)經(jing)濟效益(yi)。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po),在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)單循環火工(gong)品使用(yong)量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)8.3%,周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)從39個(ge)下降為23個(ge)費用(yong)節(jie)約(yue)41%,混凝土噴射(she)每延米節(jie)約(yue)1.37立(li)方(fang)(fang)米。聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)258.4元,即(ji)每延米節(jie)約(yue)76較元,節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)比例達32%。此外,聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)有(you)效降低隧(sui)道內石(shi)渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量(liang),還可使通風時間有(you)效縮短33%。
專用o型聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀:預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔,采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥,在主爆區之前起爆,從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫,以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。o型聚能管公司光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設計開(kai)挖邊(bian)界布設密集炮孔,采(cai)用(yong)不耦(ou)合(he)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸(zha)藥(yao),在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)的以形成平整(zheng)的開(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的發展是先出現光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),然后衍(yan)生(sheng)發展為預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管(guan)國(guo)(guo)內歷史與(yu)現狀,我國(guo)(guo)于1964~1965年在(zai)湖北陸(lu)水水電站施工中(zhong)做過淺孔預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗,1965年鐵(tie)(tie)道(dao)部門在(zai)成昆(kun)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設中(zhong)開(kai)始試驗光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),1977年在(zai)西(xi)延線張家船工點,全長近200m的2000m2路(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)坡全部采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)坡平整(zheng)穩定,殘留的半孔清晰可見(jian),是鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)路(lu)塹(qian)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。
1、先(xian)試探(tan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咨詢制造商(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員:您(nin)要訂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)線產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)號(hao)中(zhong)字(zi)母表示(shi)(shi)意(yi)思(si);規格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)表示(shi)(shi)意(yi)思(si);執(zhi)行標準中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)母及數字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表示(shi)(shi)意(yi)思(si)。如(ru)果制造商(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員回答時(shi)支(zhi)支(zhi)吾吾、一(yi)知半解甚至一(yi)無(wu)所知,可想而知,其生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量如(ru)何(he)。2、任何(he)一(yi)種產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有(you)(you)其適用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)和一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環境(jing)。咨詢您(nin)要訂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)線產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能、具體使(shi)用(yong)(yong)辦法(fa)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環境(jing)要求。如(ru)果制造商(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員給(gei)您(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)答復與您(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求不一(yi)致,應判(pan)定為:爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)線制造商(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號(hao)規格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)一(yi)或者其生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)只是對其他廠商(shang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單(dan)(dan)模仿。3、正(zheng)規產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有(you)(you)其科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)和流程(cheng)(cheng)。原材料合(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)供應商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇評定→原材料購進、運輸(shu)、儲存、保(bao)管(guan)→生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)質量控制→不合(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處置(zhi)及糾正(zheng)措施(shi)→運輸(shu)交付(fu)→售(shou)后服務(wu)均有(you)(you)嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)規程(cheng)(cheng)。咨詢爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)線制造商(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)人(ren)員任何(he)一(yi)個節點,就可知其是否有(you)(you)能力(li)(生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平、專業(ye)設備(bei)及過程(cheng)(cheng)檢測設備(bei))生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出合(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。
水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu),是在(zai)水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)基(ji)礎上發(fa)展起來(lai)的一項新(xin)技術(shu),其掏槽(cao)(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結(jie)構和(he)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)方式與水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)相(xiang)同,但在(zai)周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置(zhi)替代常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆(bao)線,利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產(chan)生的粒子射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用(yong),形成(cheng)平(ping)整圓順的開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian),對(dui)控制超欠挖(wa)具有(you)良好效(xiao)果,有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)升了(le)隧道施工質(zhi)量、進(jin)度和(he)經濟效(xiao)益。科(ke)學合理地利用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源,提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)效(xiao)率,對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十分重要。利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)的水平(ping)開(kai)出的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)生的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射(she)流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石進(jin)行破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎。據專家(jia)測算,由于聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)生的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割(ge)效(xiao)應,其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比(bi)提(ti)升一個量級。