水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術,是在(zai)水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術基礎(chu)上發展起來的一項新技術,其掏槽眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥結構和(he)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)方(fang)式(shi)與水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)相同,但在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中安(an)裝專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝置替代常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)藥卷和(he)傳爆(bao)線,利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)體(ti)應力及“氣(qi)楔(xie)”作用(yong)(yong),形成平整(zheng)圓順的開(kai)挖輪廓面,對控制(zhi)超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果,有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧(sui)道施(shi)工質量、進度(du)和(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。科學合理(li)地利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan),提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv),對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分(fen)重要。利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩(liang)端的水(shui)平開(kai)出的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應對巖石進行(xing)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)碎。據專(zhuan)家測(ce)算(suan),由(you)于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩(liang)端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)割效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應,其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比(bi)提升一個(ge)量級。
的(de)(de)軍(jun)事(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong):聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),早(zao)在二(er)次世界大戰期(qi)間就在軍(jun)事(shi)方(fang)面(mian)廣泛應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。國(guo)(guo)內在聚能破(po)甲技(ji)(ji)術(shu)如大錐角反艦導彈(dan)戰斗(dou)部和大錐角反坦克地雷以及敏(min)感(gan)彈(dan)戰斗(dou)部等方(fang)面(mian)取得了(le)較為快速(su)的(de)(de)發展(zhan),我國(guo)(guo)20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代打破(po)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)封(feng)鎖獨立自主研(yan)發成功(gong)原(yuan)子彈(dan)就是得力于(yu)(yu)聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)轟擊(ji)核裝置而(er)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)原(yuan)子彈(dan)。的(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)——切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu):聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)工程(cheng)建設也(ye)是20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代開始的(de)(de),首先(xian)是瑞典的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出(chu)孔壁切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)槽(cao)口應(ying)(ying)(ying)力集中(zhong)定向開裂的(de)(de)設想,后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效的(de)(de)。70年(nian)(nian)代國(guo)(guo)外(wai)廣泛研(yan)究和應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。
我國20世紀60年(nian)代利用(yong)(yong)斷裂(lie)(lie)力(li)學(xue)對巖石損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)擴展進(jin)行過試(shi)(shi)驗研(yan)究,為聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能爆破技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到工(gong)程做了(le)不少(shao)理論分析,也取(qu)(qu)得(de)一些進(jin)展。80年(nian)代中期(qi)開(kai)始進(jin)行應(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)究,以北京礦業學(xue)院為代表,著重研(yan)究了(le)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能藥(yao)包切(qie)(qie)割(ge)饑理和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南礦業學(xue)院取(qu)(qu)得(de)“雙面切(qie)(qie)割(ge)器”的(de)zhuanli,1995年(nian)又取(qu)(qu)得(de)“大理石花崗巖切(qie)(qie)割(ge)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中國水(shui)電七局曾試(shi)(shi)圖采用(yong)(yong)硬質紙加工(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能藥(yao)卷做過聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆破試(shi)(shi)驗研(yan)究,但終因當時(shi)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)及工(gong)藝水(shui)平的(de)限制無法用(yong)(yong)于正常施工(gong),但是(shi)他們開(kai)了(le)橢圓(yuan)雙極(ji)線(xian)性聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能結(jie)構試(shi)(shi)驗的(de)先河(he)。雙聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與光面爆破綜合技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)創輪廓(kuo)控制爆破新時(shi)代。
蘇州爆破聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成,管體為塑性材料制成,呈管狀,管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑,長度可隨爆破需要生產,管體兩端各有外螺紋,兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫,切縫間等距有加強筋,前錐形定格帽呈傘狀,傘形尖有一光孔,兩側直壁內徑有螺紋,與管體外徑前端螺紋配合,帽體外徑大于管體,后定格堵為一封蓋,外徑直徑大于管體外徑,與前錐形定格帽外徑一致,后定格堵內徑有螺紋,與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專用爆破聚能管可根據炮眼深度(du)采(cai)用合適的聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)管(guan)體(ti),不(bu)需其(qi)他工(gong)具幫助送入炮眼,切縫方向準確,兩端(duan)的前錐形(xing)定格(ge)帽和(he)后定格(ge)堵外(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)炮眼內徑(jing)一致,保(bao)證聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)同(tong)心,定向準確。且利于工(gong)業化生產,作(zuo)業安全
水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎上發展起來的一項(xiang)新技(ji)術(shu),其掏槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)藥結構和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)方(fang)式(shi)與水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)相同,但在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)中安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)線(xian)性聚能藥管(guan)替代常(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)藥卷和(he)(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)線(xian),利用(yong)線(xian)性聚能藥管(guan)產生的粒子射流(liu)動能、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)體應(ying)力及“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong),形成平(ping)整圓順的開(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian),對(dui)控制超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)果(guo),有效(xiao)提升了隧道施工(gong)質量(liang)、進(jin)度和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)單循環火(huo)工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)8.3%,周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)從39個下(xia)降為23個費用(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%,混凝土噴(pen)射每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。聚能水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)258.4元,即每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元,節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai),聚能水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)能有效(xiao)降低隧道內石渣(zha)塊度和(he)(he)粉塵(chen)含量(liang),還可使(shi)通風(feng)時間有效(xiao)縮(suo)短33%。