水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術基礎上發展起來的(de)一(yi)項新(xin)技術，其掏(tao)槽(cao)眼、輔助(zhu)眼裝(zhuang)藥結構和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方式與水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相(xiang)同，但在周邊(bian)眼中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥管產(chan)生的(de)粒(li)子射流動能、高壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體(ti)應(ying)力及“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成(cheng)平整圓順的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對控制超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提升了(le)隧(sui)道施工質量(liang)(liang)、進度和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周邊(bian)眼單循環(huan)(huan)火(huo)工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從39個下降為(wei)23個費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比(bi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每循環(huan)(huan)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)例(li)達32%。此外，聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能有效(xiao)降低隧(sui)道內石渣塊(kuai)度和(he)(he)粉(fen)塵含量(liang)(liang)，還(huan)可(ke)使通風時(shi)間有效(xiao)縮短33%。

發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)巨大效(xiao)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)又在(zai)其上(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”上(shang)。項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)目(mu)前采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)有(you)兩個“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”，通過這兩個聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用讓爆(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)威力在(zai)隧道中切(qie)割出(chu)十(shi)(shi)分平順的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓(kuo)線，的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制了(le)爆(bao)破(po)量，有(you)效(xiao)管(guan)控了(le)超挖欠挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。為(wei)了(le)進一(yi)步嚴格控制開(kai)(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)，達到(dao)提高光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)效(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，并研究(jiu)出(chu)了(le)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)上(shang)兩個“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”變為(wei)三(san)(san)個“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)明設計，目(mu)前，該發(fa)(fa)(fa)明設計已經進入(ru)到(dao)了(le)試(shi)生產(chan)階段。未(wei)來，三(san)(san)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽”設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓爆(bao)破(po)技術將(jiang)推動(dong)中鐵(tie)十(shi)(shi)四局四公司(si)張吉(ji)懷鐵(tie)路項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)施工(gong)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)邁上(shang)一(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)臺階，給項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)帶(dai)來巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益。工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)破(po)技術經過幾十(shi)(shi)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，已經滲(shen)透(tou)到(dao)經濟建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)眾多領域，特別為(wei)中國的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設、礦(kuang)山開(kai)(kai)采(cai)、城市拆舊定向爆(bao)破(po)等(deng)做出(chu)了(le)重要(yao)貢獻。

施工因其(qi)(qi)復雜性(xing)(xing)、專(zhuan)業(ye)性(xing)(xing)、危險性(xing)(xing)，稍有不(bu)(bu)(bu)慎，將對(dui)人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命財產安全造成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失，例如廣東(dong)宏大(da)寧夏“10.16”、山(shan)東(dong)保利“5.20”等重大(da)安全事故。因此，相較其(qi)(qi)他行業(ye)，國家(jia)出(chu)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關法律法規(gui)多、專(zhuan)、嚴，從(cong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)材料（炸藥、雷(lei)管、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索?管?及(ji)相關材料）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產、購(gou)進、運輸、儲存、發放、布網(wang)、連接、起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)、排(pai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)等一系列程(cheng)(cheng)序均(jun)有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律規(gui)定和(he)(he)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)，并且相關從(cong)業(ye)單位(wei)和(he)(he)人員均(jun)應取得相應資質(zhi)(zhi)。做為(wei)各類爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)或缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種導(dao)線，特別不(bu)(bu)(bu)同于一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，其(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量要求及(ji)各項技術參(can)數也與普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。部分家(jia)庭作坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)廠無(wu)(wu)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產工藝、無(wu)(wu)基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)設備、無(wu)(wu)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術人員，甚至不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量要求和(he)(he)技術參(can)數，更(geng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能制(zhi)(zhi)訂自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)標準(zhun)，僅憑簡(jian)陋(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備、以(yi)粗(cu)糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)仿進行生(sheng)產經營活動(dong)(dong)，致使市(shi)場充斥著假冒偽劣(lie)產品，導(dao)致爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中提前或延遲起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)、盲炮(pao)增加且強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)排(pai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)困難，給人身安全和(he)(he)財產以(yi)及(ji)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產經營活動(dong)(dong)造成(cheng)了不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。

各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)材銷(xiao)毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)(shi)(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)源與(yu)人員和其(qi)他保(bao)護(hu)對象之間(jian)的安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)取各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)效應(ying)（地(di)震、沖擊波、飛(fei)石(shi)、有(you)毒氣(qi)體(ti)等(deng)）分別(bie)(bie)核定(ding)(ding)的大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣(qi)沖擊波、碎石(shi)飛(fei)散及有(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)，因此(ci)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)須(xu)確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)危(wei)害范圍，并(bing)確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附(fu)近人員、設備(bei)、建筑(zhu)物及井巷等(deng)的安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，這(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如何(he)控制好這(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就顯的尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)點與(yu)人員或其(qi)他應(ying)保(bao)護(hu)對象之間(jian)必(bi)須(xu)保(bao)持短的相(xiang)隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有(you)害效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的增(zeng)加有(you)規(gui)律地(di)衰減(jian)，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)尺度可限定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有(you)害效應(ying)在允許限度之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)震安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個別(bie)(bie)飛(fei)散物安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波的安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。

聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼體、引信和(he)支(zhi)架等部分組成，其作用(yong)及對聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)威力的(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是聚能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大，聚能(neng)(neng)彈威力越大；為得到高(gao)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)爆(bao)(bao)速、高(gao)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方(fang)法(fa)有熔鑄(zhu)，塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是把(ba)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提高(gao)其穿透和(he)切割(ge)能(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)必(bi)須(xu)滿足四點要(yao)求，即可(ke)(ke)壓(ya)(ya)縮性(xing)小、密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)高(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)和(he)延展性(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中不(bu)汽(qi)化。大量(liang)試(shi)驗證明(ming)，用(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其次為鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要(yao)有軸(zhou)對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有用(yong)于切割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)直線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)于切割(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中心(xin)(xin)對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中心(xin)(xin)有球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷(fu)設炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)在瞬間同時起爆(bao)(bao)，可(ke)(ke)在空腔中心(xin)(xin)點獲(huo)得極大的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中。在工(gong)程中常用(yong)的(de)(de)是軸(zhou)對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)面對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

專用o型聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。合肥o型聚能管是兩個相似半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)中央有個凹(ao)進去的(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)"，使(shi)用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)果好，開(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)線平順整齊，圍巖擾(rao)動(dong)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)、超(chao)欠挖明顯改(gai)善，有利于(yu)支護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，同(tong)時混(hun)凝土回填成(cheng)本(ben)大為降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率減(jian)(jian)少(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低(di)了(le)爆(bao)破(po)(po)作業工(gong)(gong)(gong)班的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)量:鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)縮短30分鐘、少(shao)打眼、出渣(zha)量減(jian)(jian)少(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)材料成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時消耗、勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)效(xiao)率明顯提高(gao)，周邊(bian)眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低(di)30%以上，半(ban)(ban)眼痕保留(liu)率高(gao)達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)主要應用于(yu)隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵(tie)礦(kuang)等需要進行光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)可減(jian)(jian)少(shao)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)，擴大孔(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)導(dao)爆(bao)管(guan)用量，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)超(chao)挖，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴漿，提高(gao)半(ban)(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率，既節(jie)省(sheng)了(le)成(cheng)本(ben)又提高(gao)了(le)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。