水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)基礎(chu)上發展起來的一項新技術(shu)，其(qi)掏槽眼(yan)、輔助(zhu)眼(yan)裝藥結構(gou)和(he)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)式與水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)相同，但(dan)在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)線性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥管(guan)(guan)替代(dai)常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷(juan)和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)線性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥管(guan)(guan)產生(sheng)的粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體(ti)應(ying)力(li)及“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong)，形(xing)成平整圓順的開挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面(mian)，對控(kong)制超欠挖(wa)具有(you)良好效果，有(you)效提升(sheng)了隧道施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、進(jin)度(du)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)效益。水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)單(dan)循環(huan)火工(gong)品使用(yong)量(liang)(liang)上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從39個下降(jiang)(jiang)為23個費用(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)每循環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較元(yuan)，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)比例達32%。此(ci)外，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效降(jiang)(jiang)低隧道內石渣(zha)塊(kuai)度(du)和(he)粉塵含量(liang)(liang)，還可使通風時間(jian)有(you)效縮(suo)短33%。

水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在隧道掘進(jin)作業中的(de)(de)實(shi)際應用。提升光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)水平、嚴抓隧道超挖管控進(jin)行了(le)介紹。聚能水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操(cao)作性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低(di)、施工速度(du)很(hen)快、節(jie)能環保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著(zhu)、經濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)是要提高(gao)對推(tui)(tui)廣該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)重(zhong)要性和必(bi)(bi)然性的(de)(de)認識(shi);二(er)是要樹立必(bi)(bi)須采(cai)取聚能水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)意識(shi);三是要堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一(yi)體”;四是要制定切實(shi)的(de)(de)獎(jiang)懲制度(du);五是要建立檢(jian)查監督機制，持續促進(jin)該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)深(shen)入推(tui)(tui)廣。在隧道施工的(de)(de)現場管理、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)、人才培養、經濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)不足。建議對施工一(yi)線基礎技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工作扎實(shi)推(tui)(tui)進(jin);對新(xin)工藝、先進(jin)工法要深(shen)入學習(xi)鉆研;對消極(ji)懈怠、故步自(zi)封的(de)(de)思想要堅決抵制。

水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，是在水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)基礎上發展(zhan)起來的(de)一項新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助(zhu)眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥結構和爆(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在周邊眼(yan)中安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝(zhuang)置替代常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管產生(sheng)的(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)氣(qi)體應力及(ji)“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong)(yong)，形成(cheng)平(ping)整圓(yuan)順的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)，對控制超欠挖具有(you)良好(hao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧道施工(gong)質量、進(jin)度和經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。科學(xue)合理地利用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分(fen)重要。利用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)水平(ping)開出的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應對巖石進(jin)行破(po)(po)碎。據專家測(ce)算，由于(yu)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比提升一個量級。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，爆破聚能管價格在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專業爆破聚能管在邊坡部位的(de)爆(bao)破(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)或預裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)原則和(he)(he)參數、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還明(ming)確了(le)(le)路(lu)塹邊坡光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)項目質量驗收檢測數量和(he)(he)檢測方法。無疑該(gai)規程的(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，有力地推動和(he)(he)促進了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在鐵路(lu)建設(she)(she)中的(de)應(ying)用與發展。

在(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)(de)連接形(xing)式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等進行選擇，基本連接方(fang)式有：串聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有較安全、可(ke)靠、準確、高效等優點，在(zai)國內外(wai)仍占有較大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在(zai)有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而(er)發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)能(neng)使用(yong)普(pu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。