聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體(ti)、引信和(he)(he)支架等部分組成，其(qi)作用及對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)威(wei)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力越大(da)；為(wei)(wei)得(de)到高爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高爆(bao)(bao)速(su)、高密度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用炸(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方法有(you)熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體(ti)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高其(qi)穿透(tou)和(he)(he)切(qie)割能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿(man)足四點(dian)要求(qiu)，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮性(xing)小(xiao)、密度高、塑性(xing)和(he)(he)延展性(xing)好，在(zai)(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽(qi)化。大(da)量(liang)試驗證明，用紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好，其(qi)次為(wei)(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要有(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)用于切(qie)割屬板(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用于切(qie)割管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)和(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)瞬間同時起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)，可在(zai)(zai)空(kong)腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點(dian)獲得(de)極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)破碎法(fa)特點是(shi):不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，因(yin)而不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)購買打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)設備和(he)(he)動力設備;施工簡單，施工進度比淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破法(fa)快安(an)全性比普通淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破法(fa)和(he)(he)普通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)好(hao);勞動強(qiang)度比淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破法(fa)低(di)。制造(zao)(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金(jin)和(he)(he)梯恩(en)梯混合熔鑄型(xing);乳化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)黑索金(jin)混裝型(xing)和(he)(he)二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓(ya)制型(xing)。根據(ju)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)結果證明，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)密(mi)度較大和(he)(he)爆(bao)速較高的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制造(zao)(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)獲(huo)得較好(hao)的(de)破碎效果。這(zhe)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)由于(yu)它加工簡單和(he)(he)破碎能(neng)(neng)力較大。在礦山由于(yu)二次破碎消耗的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)較多(duo)，而且金(jin)屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩的(de)加工費工又費材料，所以(yi)多(duo)不采用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩。國內生產的(de)一種用(yong)(yong)于(yu)破碎大塊的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，裝置聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)時，要(yao)(yao)將(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)垂直裝在大塊的(de)頂面上(shang)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)位置應選(xuan)在頂面的(de)幾何中心或附近較平整(zheng)的(de)地點。然后在上(shang)面覆蓋泥(ni)沙。

專業礦用型聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀：預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔，采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥，在主爆區之前起爆，從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫，以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。礦用型聚能管價格光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開挖邊(bian)(bian)界(jie)布設密集(ji)炮孔，采(cai)(cai)用不耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)藥或(huo)裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)區爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后起爆(bao)的以形成平整的開挖輪廓面的爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的發(fa)展(zhan)是先(xian)出現光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后衍生發(fa)展(zhan)為預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能(neng)管(guan)國(guo)內歷史與現狀，我國(guo)于1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)湖北陸水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站施工(gong)中(zhong)做過淺孔預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)道部門在(zai)成昆鐵(tie)路建設中(zhong)開始試驗(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)西延線張家(jia)船工(gong)點(dian)，全長近200m的2000m2路塹(qian)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)全部采(cai)(cai)用光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)平整穩定，殘留的半孔清晰可見(jian)，是鐵(tie)路建設中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)用路塹(qian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。

一(yi)(yi)、查驗生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)質：1、經(jing)(jing)過歷年年審(shen)的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)營業(ye)執照(zhao)：一(yi)(yi)般情況下，個體(ti)工商戶、個人(ren)(ren)獨(du)資(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)注冊資(zi)金(jin)低于人(ren)(ren)民幣五十萬元的(de)即可(ke)認(ren)(ren)(ren)定(ding)為家庭作(zuo)坊式廠家。2、具備一(yi)(yi)般納(na)稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)資(zi)格的(de)稅(shui)務(wu)登記證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：企(qi)(qi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)年度(du)(du)銷(xiao)售(shou)額(e)達(da)到(dao)或超過一(yi)(yi)定(ding)金(jin)額(e)（以稅(shui)務(wu)發票開(kai)具數額(e)為準）并經(jing)(jing)主管(guan)稅(shui)務(wu)機(ji)(ji)關核準、具備獨(du)立的(de)開(kai)票場所、專職會計及相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)辦稅(shui)機(ji)(ji)具才能(neng)升級為一(yi)(yi)般納(na)稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)。3、經(jing)(jing)過歷年年審(shen)的(de)組(zu)織機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)代(dai)碼(ma)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：組(zu)織機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)代(dai)碼(ma)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)中華人(ren)(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)境內始終不(bu)變的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)碼(ma)標識，未(wei)經(jing)(jing)年度(du)(du)審(shen)驗的(de)，可(ke)視為非法(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)。4、國(guo)家強(qiang)制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)：一(yi)(yi)般情況下，所有的(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)只要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)家強(qiang)制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)范(fan)圍內產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)必須通(tong)過國(guo)家強(qiang)制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)（CCC）。依基本(ben)常識判斷，既(ji)然(ran)單位名稱為“xxx電(dian)(dian)線(xian)廠”“xxx線(xian)纜(lan)廠”，其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)未(wei)通(tong)過或從未(wei)通(tong)過國(guo)家強(qiang)制性(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)其硬件、軟件設施及人(ren)(ren)員配備根(gen)本(ben)達(da)不(bu)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個合(he)格的(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)廠家應(ying)(ying)具備的(de)條件。5、國(guo)際質量(liang)(liang)體(ti)系(xi)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)：ISO國(guo)際質量(liang)(liang)體(ti)系(xi)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個企(qi)(qi)業(ye)整體(ti)素質、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)以及服務(wu)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)標志。6、開(kai)戶許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。

光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破技(ji)術優勢：相對(dui)于傳統爆(bao)破工藝，聚能(neng)管光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破比(bi)常(chang)規爆(bao)破具有(you)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)優勢∶少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)，少(shao)(shao)裝藥(yao)(yao)。節約(yue)(yue)周(zhou)邊(bian)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)量(liang)50%，總鉆(zhan)孔(kong)進(jin)(jin)尺減少(shao)(shao)30%；節約(yue)(yue)炸藥(yao)(yao)10～20%，雷管30%。節約(yue)(yue)噴漿料15-20%。節省(sheng)時間∶每循環鉆(zhan)孔(kong)、裝藥(yao)(yao)、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。在安全方面(mian)(mian)利用(yong)水沙(sha)袋替(ti)代(dai)炮(pao)(pao)泥，以(yi)避免(mian)搗炮(pao)(pao)泥損毀電雷管導(dao)線，造成(cheng)(cheng)瞎炮(pao)(pao)。大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)對(dui)圍巖擾動(dong)，光面(mian)(mian)效果好，巖性條件差情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)可以(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)超挖量(liang)，控制巷道成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)；巖性完整無節理(li)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)眼(yan)痕(hen)率可以(yi)達(da)到90%以(yi)上，巷道成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)好，穩定性強。布孔(kong)方式優化成(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)排掏(tao)槽布孔(kong)，單次掘進(jin)(jin)深度可以(yi)優化提高10%到15%不等。由于炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)可以(yi)考慮一起全斷面(mian)(mian)起爆(bao)，節省(sheng)放炮(pao)(pao)時間。

各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器材銷毀以(yi)及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)源與(yu)人(ren)員和(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)保(bao)(bao)護對(dui)象之(zhi)間的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)取各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)效應(ying)(ying)（地震、沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)、飛石(shi)、有(you)毒(du)氣體等(deng)）分別核(he)定(ding)(ding)的(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時，必(bi)然(ran)產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地震、空(kong)氣沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)、碎石(shi)飛散(san)及(ji)(ji)有(you)害(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計時必(bi)須(xu)確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)危害(hai)范圍(wei)，并確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近(jin)人(ren)員、設備(bei)、建(jian)筑物及(ji)(ji)井巷等(deng)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一(yi)段(duan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如何控制好這段(duan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)顯的(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地點與(yu)人(ren)員或其(qi)(qi)他(ta)應(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)護對(dui)象之(zhi)間必(bi)須(xu)保(bao)(bao)持短的(de)相隔長(chang)度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的(de)增加有(you)規律地衰減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度(du)可限定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)(ying)在(zai)允許(xu)限度(du)之(zhi)內。中國(guo)《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規程(cheng)》規定(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地震安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個(ge)別飛散(san)物安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。