水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破技術，是在水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破技術基(ji)礎上發展(zhan)起來的(de)一(yi)項新(xin)技術，其(qi)掏槽(cao)(cao)眼、輔助眼裝藥結(jie)構(gou)和(he)(he)爆破方式(shi)與水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破相同，但在周(zhou)邊眼中安裝專用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管裝置替代(dai)常規爆破藥卷(juan)和(he)(he)傳爆線(xian)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)粒子射(she)(she)流(liu)(liu)動能(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成(cheng)平整圓順(shun)的(de)開挖(wa)輪廓面，對(dui)(dui)控制超欠(qian)挖(wa)具有良(liang)好效果，有效提升(sheng)了隧道施工質量、進度和(he)(he)經(jing)濟效益。科學合理(li)地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)源，提高能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效率，對(dui)(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)射(she)(she)流(liu)(liu)效應對(dui)(dui)巖石進行破碎。據專家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩端聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割效應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效比(bi)提升(sheng)一(yi)個(ge)量級。

的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)事應用(yong)：聚(ju)能爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，早在(zai)(zai)二次(ci)世(shi)界大(da)戰期間就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)軍(jun)事方面(mian)廣泛應用(yong)。國(guo)(guo)內在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)能破(po)甲技(ji)(ji)(ji)術如大(da)錐(zhui)角反艦導彈戰斗部和(he)大(da)錐(zhui)角反坦(tan)克地(di)雷以及敏感彈戰斗部等方面(mian)取得了(le)(le)較為快速的(de)(de)(de)發展，我國(guo)(guo)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)打(da)破(po)國(guo)(guo)外技(ji)(ji)(ji)術封鎖獨立自主研(yan)發成功(gong)原(yuan)子彈就(jiu)是(shi)得力于聚(ju)能爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術轟擊核裝置而引爆(bao)原(yuan)子彈。的(de)(de)(de)民爆(bao)應用(yong)——切(qie)(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術：聚(ju)能爆(bao)破(po)用(yong)于工程建設也是(shi)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開(kai)始的(de)(de)(de)，首(shou)先是(shi)瑞典的(de)(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切(qie)(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)破(po)利用(yong)槽(cao)口(kou)應力集中定向開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)設想(xiang)，后(hou)經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)。70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)國(guo)(guo)外廣泛研(yan)究和(he)應用(yong)了(le)(le)切(qie)(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常用(yong)的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它(ta)所需(xu)的器材有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連接形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等進(jin)行選擇，基本(ben)連接方式有(you)(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)和并串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)較安(an)全、可靠、準(zhun)確、高效等優點，在國(guo)內外(wai)仍(reng)占有(you)(you)(you)較大比重。在大、中型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主(zhu)要仍(reng)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在有(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的環境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干擾(rao)而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在有(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中，不能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

預(yu)裂(lie)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)歷史(shi)與現(xian)(xian)狀：預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設(she)(she)計開挖邊界(jie)布置密(mi)集炮(pao)孔(kong)，采(cai)取不(bu)耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之(zhi)前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與保(bao)留區之(zhi)間形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)裂(lie)縫，以(yi)減弱(ruo)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對保(bao)留巖體的(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平整輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設(she)(she)計開挖邊界(jie)布設(she)(she)密(mi)集炮(pao)孔(kong)，采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以(yi)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平整的(de)開挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)發展是(shi)先(xian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，然(ran)后衍生(sheng)發展為預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)內歷史(shi)與現(xian)(xian)狀，我國(guo)于1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)湖北陸水(shui)水(shui)電站施工中(zhong)做過淺(qian)孔(kong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年(nian)鐵道(dao)部(bu)門在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昆鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)開始試驗(yan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)西延線張家(jia)船工點，全(quan)(quan)長近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)(lu)塹邊坡全(quan)(quan)部(bu)采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊坡平整穩定，殘留的(de)半孔(kong)清晰可見(jian)，是(shi)鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)路(lu)(lu)塹光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。

我國20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)利用斷裂(lie)(lie)力學對(dui)巖(yan)(yan)石損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)擴(kuo)展進行過試驗研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，為聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術應用到工程(cheng)做(zuo)(zuo)了(le)不少理論(lun)分析，也取(qu)(qu)得一些進展。80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期開始進行應用研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，以北京礦(kuang)(kuang)業學院為代(dai)表，著重研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)了(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年(nian)(nian)淮南礦(kuang)(kuang)業學院取(qu)(qu)得“雙(shuang)(shuang)面切割器”的(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)(nian)又取(qu)(qu)得“大(da)理石花崗巖(yan)(yan)切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年(nian)(nian)中國水電(dian)七局曾試圖(tu)采用硬質紙加工聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管成形聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥卷做(zuo)(zuo)過聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，但終因當(dang)時的(de)技術及工藝水平的(de)限制無法用于正常施工，但是他們開了(le)橢(tuo)圓雙(shuang)(shuang)極線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)結(jie)構(gou)試驗的(de)先(xian)河。雙(shuang)(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)綜合技術開創輪廓控制爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)新(xin)時代(dai)。

鶴壁c型聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成，管體為塑性材料制成，呈管狀，管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑，長度可隨爆破需要生產，管體兩端各有外螺紋，兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫，切縫間等距有加強筋，前錐形定格帽呈傘狀，傘形尖有一光孔，兩側直壁內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑前端螺紋配合，帽體外徑大于管體，后定格堵為一封蓋，外徑直徑大于管體外徑，與前錐形定格帽外徑一致，后定格堵內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專用c型聚能管可根據炮眼(yan)深度采用合適的聚能(neng)管管體，不需其(qi)他工(gong)具(ju)幫助送入炮眼(yan)，切縫方向準確(que)，兩端的前錐形定(ding)格帽和后定(ding)格堵外(wai)徑與炮眼(yan)內徑一(yi)致，保證聚能(neng)管管體同心，定(ding)向準確(que)。且(qie)利于工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化生(sheng)產，作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)安全