聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和(he)(he)支架等(deng)部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，其作用及(ji)對聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)分(fen)述如下(xia)。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越大(da)(da)(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力越大(da)(da)(da)；為(wei)得到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)用炸(zha)有梯(ti)恩(en)梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方法有熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成(cheng)罩(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從(cong)而(er)提高(gao)(gao)其穿(chuan)透和(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點要求(qiu)，即可壓(ya)縮性(xing)小、密度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)、塑性(xing)和(he)(he)延展性(xing)好(hao)，在(zai)(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射(she)流(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不汽(qi)化(hua)。大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)試驗證明(ming)，用紫銅(tong)制作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果(guo)好(hao)，其次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣，主要有軸對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物(wu)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有用于切(qie)割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用于切(qie)割(ge)管(guan)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)和(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)瞬間同時(shi)起(qi)爆(bao)，可在(zai)(zai)空(kong)腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點獲(huo)得極(ji)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是軸對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

是由管(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑(su)性(xing)材料制成，呈管(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可隨爆(bao)破需要生產，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)(duan)各有(you)外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間有(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等距有(you)加強筋，前(qian)錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀(zhuang)，傘形(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔(kong)，兩側直壁內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配(pei)合，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配(pei)合。可根據炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度采用(yong)合適(shi)的聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不(bu)需其他工具幫(bang)助送入炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，切縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)準確(que)，兩端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確(que)。且利于工業化生產，作業安(an)全

專業深孔爆破多向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術，是在水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用聚能管裝置替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用聚能管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。湖州深孔爆破多向聚能管科(ke)學合理地利用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，對節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十(shi)分重要。利用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)水(shui)平(ping)開出的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)應對巖石(shi)進行破碎。據專家測算，由(you)于(yu)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割(ge)效(xiao)(xiao)應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比提升一(yi)個量級(ji)。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破是在炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)端填充水(shui)袋(dai)，中間裝上乳化炸，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)炮(pao)(pao)泥封死(si)，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間距很大，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)炮(pao)(pao)空之間相距了一米左右(you)，是常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間距的(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)倍(bei)，這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以節省炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)材料，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)凹(ao)槽又稱為(wei)聚(ju)(ju)能槽，聚(ju)(ju)能槽非常重要(yao)，放(fang)置的(de)位置和(he)方向都(dou)十分講究，一點也(ye)不能出錯，在爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)瞬間，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)能射(she)流立(li)即往(wang)凹(ao)槽兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)的(de)巖石進(jin)行切(qie)割(ge)，巖石如同豆腐(fu)一樣(yang)輕松被切(qie)割(ge)切(qie)割(ge)出來的(de)輪廓(kuo)線十分平順(shun)，效果極(ji)好，聚(ju)(ju)能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破中的(de)水(shui)袋(dai)沒有(you)降低(di)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)效果，反而能保(bao)護隧道周邊(bian)植被，減少(shao)地(di)質(zhi)擾(rao)動，降低(di)煙塵，重要(yao)的(de)是節省炸成本，在未來這(zhe)項技術(shu)會廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于工程中，降低(di)施(shi)工成本。爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)能管水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破，在周邊(bian)眼單循環(huan)火工品使用(yong)(yong)量上節約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)數量從(cong)39個(ge)下降為(wei)23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約41%，混凝土噴射(she)每延米節約1.37立(li)方米。

給大家介(jie)紹下爆破(po)聚能(neng)管的技術原理∶炸(zha)藥(yao)爆炸(zha)產(chan)生的爆轟波通過聚能(neng)管的聚能(neng)槽(cao)，將炸(zha)藥(yao)的動能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換成(cheng)高壓(ya)、高速(su)、高能(neng)的射流(liu)，切割演示成(cheng)縫。射流(liu)在(zai)孔壁產(chan)生射流(liu)壓(ya)力達7000MPa，巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)動載抗(kang)(kang)壓(ya)強度為200MPa，抗(kang)(kang)拉(la)為1/8～1/10的抗(kang)(kang)壓(ya)強度，相鄰兩炮孔互為鄰空面(mian)，疊加(jia)后(hou)的壓(ya)縮(suo)波變(bian)為稀(xi)疏(shu)波，在(zai)兩炮眼連(lian)線(xian)上使巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)結(jie)構斷裂，形成(cheng)裂紋。準靜態氣(qi)(qi)體膨脹，靜態壓(ya)力在(zai)兩炮孔最短連(lian)線(xian)兩側產(chan)生拉(la)力使巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)裂縫進一步(bu)擴展。根(gen)據爆破(po)應力集中氣(qi)(qi)刃作用原則(ze)，爆破(po)氣(qi)(qi)體沿裂縫進一步(bu)擴大貫通，拋落巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)。