水壓光面爆破(po)技術(shu),是在水壓光面爆破(po)技術(shu)基礎上發展起來的一項新技術(shu),其掏(tao)槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)裝藥結構和爆破(po)方式與水壓光面爆破(po)相同,但在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝置替代常規爆破(po)藥卷和傳爆線,利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管產生的粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓爆破(po)氣(qi)體應力及“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong)(yong)(yong),形成平(ping)整(zheng)圓(yuan)順的開挖輪(lun)廓(kuo)面,對(dui)控(kong)制超欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)果,有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧道施(shi)工質量、進(jin)度(du)和經濟效(xiao)益。科學合理地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源,提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率,對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分重(zhong)要。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端(duan)(duan)的水平(ping)開出的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石進(jin)行破(po)碎。據專家測算,由(you)于(yu)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端(duan)(duan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應,其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升一個量級。
施工因其(qi)(qi)復雜性、專(zhuan)業(ye)性、危險性,稍有不(bu)(bu)慎,將對人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命財(cai)產安(an)全造成不(bu)(bu)可(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失,例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重(zhong)大安(an)全事故。因此,相較其(qi)(qi)他行業(ye),國家出(chu)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規多、專(zhuan)、嚴,從(cong)(cong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)材料(liao)(炸藥(yao)、雷管、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)?管?及相關(guan)材料(liao))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產、購進、運輸、儲(chu)存、發放、布網、連接、起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、排爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)等一(yi)系(xi)列程(cheng)序(xu)均(jun)有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律規定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)規程(cheng),并且相關(guan)從(cong)(cong)業(ye)單位(wei)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)員均(jun)應(ying)取得(de)相應(ying)資質。做為各類爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中不(bu)(bu)可(ke)或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種導(dao)線(xian)(xian),特別不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)于(yu)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan),其(qi)(qi)質量要求及各項技(ji)術參數也與普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。部分(fen)家庭作(zuo)坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)廠無科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產工藝、無基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測設備、無專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術人(ren)員,甚至不(bu)(bu)知道爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量要求和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)術參數,更不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能(neng)制訂自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)標準,僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備、以粗糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)仿(fang)進行生(sheng)(sheng)產經營活動,致使市場充斥著(zhu)假冒偽劣產品,導(dao)致爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中提前或(huo)延遲起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、盲炮(pao)增加且強制排爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)困難,給人(ren)身安(an)全和(he)(he)(he)財(cai)產以及正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產經營活動造成了不(bu)(bu)可(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。
各種爆破、爆破器材銷毀以及爆破器材意外爆炸時,爆破源與人員和其他保護對象之間的安全距離稱為爆破安全距離。爆破安全距離應取各種爆破效應(地震、沖擊波、飛石、有毒氣體等)分別核定的大值。專用o型聚能管爆破時,必然產生爆破地震、空氣沖擊波、碎石飛散及有害氣體,因此,爆破設計時必須確定爆破危害范圍,并確定爆點到附近人員、設備、建筑物及井巷等的安全,這一段距離就稱為爆破安全距離。專用o型聚能管如(ru)何控(kong)制好這段距(ju)離(li)就顯的(de)尤為重要(yao)。為保(bao)(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安全,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)點(dian)與人員或其(qi)他應保(bao)(bao)(bao)護對(dui)象(xiang)之間(jian)必(bi)須保(bao)(bao)(bao)持短的(de)相隔(ge)長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)有害效應隨距(ju)離(li)的(de)增加有規(gui)律地(di)衰(shuai)減,用距(ju)離(li)作為安全尺度可限(xian)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)有害效應在允許限(xian)度之內。中(zhong)國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安全規(gui)程》規(gui)定了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)震安全距(ju)離(li),個別飛散物安全距(ju)離(li),以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波的(de)安全距(ju)離(li)。
是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定格(ge)帽、后(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)構成,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為塑性材(cai)料制成,呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)小于正(zheng)常炮(pao)眼內徑(jing),長度可隨爆破需(xu)(xu)要生產,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen),兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)間有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫,切縫間等距有(you)(you)(you)加強筋,前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定格(ge)帽呈傘狀,傘形(xing)尖有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)光(guang)孔(kong),兩(liang)側直(zhi)(zhi)壁內徑(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen),與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)前(qian)(qian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合,帽體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),后(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)(yi)封蓋(gai),外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing),與(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定格(ge)帽外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)一(yi)(yi)致,后(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen),與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)后(hou)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合。可根據炮(pao)眼深度采(cai)用(yong)合適(shi)的(de)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),不需(xu)(xu)其他工具幫助送入炮(pao)眼,切縫方向(xiang)準確,兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定格(ge)帽和(he)后(hou)定格(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)(yu)炮(pao)眼內徑(jing)一(yi)(yi)致,保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)同(tong)心,定向(xiang)準確。且利于工業化(hua)生產,作業安全