在工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常用(yong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)藥的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所(suo)(suo)需的器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路(lu)的連(lian)接形式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工(gong)程的重(zhong)要性、所(suo)(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串并聯(lian)和并串聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)安全、可(ke)靠、準(zhun)確(que)、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在國內(nei)外仍占(zhan)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大比重(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的環境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干擾而(er)發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境(jing)中(zhong)，不(bu)能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法特點是:不(bu)需要打眼，因(yin)而不(bu)需要購買打眼設(she)備和(he)動力(li)設(she)備;施工簡(jian)單(dan)，施工進度比淺(qian)眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)法快安全性比普通(tong)淺(qian)眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)法和(he)普通(tong)裸(luo)露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包法好(hao);勞(lao)動強(qiang)度比淺(qian)眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)法低。制造聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑(hei)索(suo)金(jin)(jin)和(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合熔鑄型(xing)(xing);乳化油(you)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)黑(hei)索(suo)金(jin)(jin)混裝(zhuang)型(xing)(xing)和(he)二號巖石(shi)硝(xiao)鉸(jiao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制型(xing)(xing)。根(gen)據使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果證明，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)密度較大(da)和(he)爆(bao)速(su)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制造聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包能(neng)獲得(de)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效果。這主要是由于(yu)它(ta)加工簡(jian)單(dan)和(he)破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力(li)較大(da)。在(zai)礦山由于(yu)二次破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包較多，而且金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工費工又費材料(liao)，所以多不(bu)采用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)于(yu)破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包，裝(zhuang)置聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包時，要將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包垂(chui)直裝(zhuang)在(zai)大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)面上，聚能(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包位置應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)在(zai)頂(ding)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或(huo)附近較平整的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點。然后在(zai)上面覆蓋泥沙。

水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)，是在水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)基礎(chu)上發展起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項新技術(shu)，其(qi)掏槽眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在周邊眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置(zhi)替(ti)代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)粒子(zi)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成平(ping)整圓(yuan)順的(de)(de)(de)(de)開挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)，對控(kong)制超欠(qian)挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)升了隧道施工(gong)質量、進(jin)度和(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。科(ke)學(xue)合理地(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要(yao)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)開出的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)射(she)流效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應對巖石進(jin)行破(po)(po)碎。據專家測算，由于聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)聚能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比提(ti)(ti)升一(yi)個量級(ji)。

專注爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)批(pi)發(fa)銷售。隨(sui)著(zhu)中(zhong)國現代化(hua)建設的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)環境(jing)越來越復雜(za)，對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)可能也會(hui)越來越高(gao)。盡管(guan)(guan)(guan)我(wo)們工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術已達到(dao)很高(gao)水平，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)項危險性的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，大家知道，一(yi)次爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)事故，可能會(hui)造成人(ren)民生命和(he)財產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)損失，也可能導致環境(jing)受(shou)到(dao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞。為(wei)了(le)安(an)全，在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實踐(jian)中(zhong)，往往有許多(duo)要求(qiu)和(he)標準(zhun)需要我(wo)們努力去(qu)解決，比如(ru)嚴格(ge)控(kong)制爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)效應、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)沖擊波、噪聲(sheng)、粉塵等(deng)影響，要預防電干擾等(deng)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)威(wei)脅，還要關注水土保(bao)持、環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全問(wen)題(ti)一(yi)直是(shi)(shi)各方(fang)面所重視的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，已形成了(le)一(yi)種專業(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)規范、制度和(he)技(ji)術。如(ru)中(zhong)國自1992年(nian)頒布《拆(chai)除(chu)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全規程(cheng)(cheng)》，通過(guo)拆(chai)除(chu)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)分級(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理、承(cheng)擔單位及(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)資格(ge)審查(cha)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術人(ren)員(yuan)培訓與(yu)考核、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計審查(cha)與(yu)安(an)全評估等(deng)規定，有力地推動(dong)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，取得了(le)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)成效。

溫州多向聚能管的軍事應用：聚能爆破技術，早在二次世界大戰期間就在軍事方面廣泛應用。國內在聚能破甲技術如大錐角反艦導彈戰斗部和大錐角反坦克地雷以及敏感彈戰斗部等方面取得了較為快速的發展，我國20世紀60年代打破國外技術封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子彈就是得力于聚能爆破技術轟擊核裝置而引爆原子彈。專用多向聚能管的(de)民爆(bao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)——切槽爆(bao)破技術(shu)：聚能爆(bao)破用(yong)(yong)于工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)也是20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代(dai)開始(shi)的(de)，首先是瑞典(dian)的(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切槽爆(bao)破利用(yong)(yong)槽口(kou)應(ying)力(li)集中(zhong)定向(xiang)開裂的(de)設(she)想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗(yan)證是有效(xiao)的(de)。70年(nian)代(dai)國外廣泛研(yan)究和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)了切槽爆(bao)破技術(shu)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)在隧道(dao)(dao)掘進(jin)作業中的實(shi)際應(ying)用。提(ti)升光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)平、嚴抓隧道(dao)(dao)超(chao)挖管控(kong)進(jin)行了(le)介紹。聚能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)工藝技術(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟(shu)、可操作性很(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本(ben)很(hen)低(di)、施工速(su)度很(hen)快、節能(neng)環(huan)保(bao)效果很(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效益社會(hui)效益很(hen)高(gao)(gao)。一是要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)對(dui)推(tui)廣該項(xiang)技術(shu)重要(yao)性和必然(ran)性的認識(shi);二是要(yao)樹立必須(xu)采取聚能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)的意識(shi);三(san)是要(yao)堅(jian)持培訓、示范、監督“三(san)位一體(ti)”;四是要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切實(shi)的獎懲(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度;五是要(yao)建立檢查監督機制(zhi)(zhi)，持續促(cu)進(jin)該項(xiang)技術(shu)的深入推(tui)廣。在隧道(dao)(dao)施工的現場管理、科技創新(xin)(xin)、人才培養、經濟(ji)效益等方面的不足。建議對(dui)施工一線(xian)基礎技術(shu)工作扎實(shi)推(tui)進(jin);對(dui)新(xin)(xin)工藝、先進(jin)工法要(yao)深入學(xue)習鉆(zhan)研;對(dui)消極懈怠(dai)、故步自封的思想(xiang)要(yao)堅(jian)決抵制(zhi)(zhi)。