各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)員(yuan)和其(qi)他(ta)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象之(zhi)(zhi)間的安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地(di)震(zhen)、沖(chong)擊波、飛(fei)石、有(you)毒氣體等）分(fen)別核定(ding)的大值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)、空(kong)氣沖(chong)擊波、碎石飛(fei)散(san)及有(you)害氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時(shi)必須(xu)確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危害范(fan)圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點到(dao)附近(jin)人(ren)員(yuan)、設(she)備、建筑物及井巷等的安(an)全(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如何(he)控制好(hao)這(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)顯(xian)的尤為重要(yao)。為保(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)點與人(ren)員(yuan)或其(qi)他(ta)應(ying)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象之(zhi)(zhi)間必須(xu)保(bao)(bao)持短(duan)的相隔長度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的增加有(you)規律地(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作為安(an)全(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度(du)可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應(ying)在允許限度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個(ge)別飛(fei)散(san)物安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊波的安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。

水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破較水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破，在周邊眼(yan)(yan)單循(xun)環火工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從39個(ge)下(xia)降為23個(ge)費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)(mei)延米節(jie)約1.37立方米。水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破比水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破每(mei)(mei)循(xun)環節(jie)約費用(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每(mei)(mei)延米節(jie)約76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約費用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破能(neng)(neng)有效降低隧(sui)道(dao)內石渣塊(kuai)度(du)和粉塵含量(liang)，還可使(shi)通風時(shi)間有效縮短33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破工(gong)藝技術(shu)(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操作(zuo)性很(hen)(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保效果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟效益社會效益很(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)(shu)是近幾年發展起來的(de)(de)一項(xiang)掘(jue)進(jin)新技術(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)(shu)與傳統的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)(shu)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破原理是在巷道(dao)周邊眼(yan)(yan)中,將炸裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破時(shi)利用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)和控制優勢裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)發展方向(xiang)。

水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)，是在水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎上發展起(qi)來的(de)(de)一(yi)項新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)，其(qi)掏槽(cao)眼、輔(fu)助眼裝藥結構和(he)(he)爆(bao)破(po)方式與水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專(zhuan)(zhuan)用聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置替代常規爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)(he)傳爆(bao)線(xian)，利(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產(chan)生的(de)(de)粒(li)子射流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體應(ying)力(li)及“氣(qi)楔”作用，形成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)整圓順的(de)(de)開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓面，對控制超欠挖具有(you)良好(hao)效果，有(you)效提升了隧道施工質(zhi)量(liang)、進(jin)(jin)度和(he)(he)經濟效益。科學合理地(di)利(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)用效率，對節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十分重(zhong)要。利(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)水平(ping)(ping)開(kai)出的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效應(ying)對巖石進(jin)(jin)行(xing)破(po)碎(sui)。據專(zhuan)(zhuan)家測算，由于聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)割(ge)效應(ying)，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效比提升一(yi)個量(liang)級。

施工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛(gua)滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保(bao)(bao)證炮眼(yan)打眼(yan)質量(liang),炮眼(yan)必須按技術要求合理(li)布(bu)置。(2)要保(bao)(bao)證掏槽眼(yan)以(yi)及其(qi)他眼(yan)眼(yan)的打眼(yan)質量(liang),一(yi)定要在規(gui)定位置上打眼(yan);二要保(bao)(bao)證炮眼(yan)深度(du)和角度(du)。(3)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝藥時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)證乳化炸藥在聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管中空(kong)內壁中填充飽滿不得有空(kong)隙出現時(shi)以(yi)產(chan)生拒爆。(4)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管在炮眼(yan)中裝填時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)證聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管的兩條聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽指(zhi)向巷道輪廓(kuo)(kuo)線方向并且各個(ge)炮眼(yan)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽軸(zhou)線方面(mian)要保(bao)(bao)證相互連接在隧道輪廓(kuo)(kuo)線上。否則成型(xing)效(xiao)果不僅不好,反而更(geng)差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證炮眼(yan)堵塞質量(liang)。(6)放炮員應(ying)提前按規(gui)定裝好聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管的炸藥,并做好準備工(gong)作。試用(yong)范圍(wei):一(yi)級(ji)至五級(ji)圍(wei)巖的光面(mian)爆破工(gong)程(cheng)。

專業多向聚能管是將炸藥裝在聚能管內，兩頭均放置了水袋，聚能管爆炸產生的高溫高壓射流，讓水袋產生“水楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展。它是在水壓光面爆破基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，區別只是在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，只要做到七大關鍵環節：水袋挺拔飽滿、炮泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥緊密相連、槽面必須平行，就能對控制超欠挖起到良好效果。多向聚能管價格在推廣水壓(ya)爆破的(de)基礎(chu)上，去年9月，水壓(ya)聚能爆破的(de)成果上，今年更為深入地在興泉鐵路(lu)大(da)嶺隧道、牡(mu)佳鐵路(lu)麻山(shan)隧道采用了此項技術，積累了成功(gong)經驗。