在工程爆破中，深孔爆破聚能管公司常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，麗水深孔爆破聚能管基本連接方式(shi)有(you)：串聯(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)、串并聯(lian)(lian)和并串聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)較(jiao)安(an)全(quan)、可靠(kao)、準確(que)、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在(zai)國內外(wai)仍占有(you)較(jiao)大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用普通電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)邊(bian)眼單(dan)循(xun)環火工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節約費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量從(cong)39個下降為23個費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節約41%，混凝(ning)土(tu)噴射每(mei)延米(mi)節約1.37立方米(mi)。水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每(mei)循(xun)環節約費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)延米(mi)節約76較元，節約費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效降低隧道(dao)(dao)內石渣(zha)塊度和(he)粉塵含量，還可使通風時(shi)間有(you)效縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很成熟、可操(cao)作(zuo)性很強、材料成本很低、施工速(su)度很快、節能(neng)(neng)環保效果很顯(xian)著、經濟效益社會效益很高。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)近幾年(nian)發展起(qi)來(lai)的一(yi)項掘進新技(ji)(ji)術(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與傳統的光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)有(you)一(yi)定的差別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)原理(li)是(shi)在(zai)巷道(dao)(dao)周(zhou)邊(bian)眼中(zhong),將炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),以(yi)減少裂隙(xi)的數量和(he)控制(zhi)優勢(shi)裂隙(xi)的發展方向(xiang)。

對(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業安(an)全技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)兩個方面去考(kao)慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一方面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)炸(zha)和(he)(he)起爆(bao)(bao)器材以(yi)及對(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞作(zuo)用進行限(xian)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全技(ji)術,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一個方面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采取(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措(cuo)施,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個方面。兩者對(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞性有同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性,但在具(ju)(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)中,則(ze)常(chang)常(chang)會(hui)有變化(hua)不定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象和(he)(he)后果,因此,必(bi)須對(dui)每一項工(gong)程(cheng)破(po)(po)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)情況作(zuo)細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研(yan)究(jiu),從(cong)而采取(qu)(qu)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)策(ce)。同時，雖(sui)然技(ji)術不斷取(qu)(qu)得進步，須在操作(zuo)過程(cheng)中注意每個工(gong)序，按(an)照(zhao)安(an)全規(gui)程(cheng)認真作(zuo)業。只要(yao)嚴(yan)格遵守安(an)全規(gui)程(cheng)、正確地采取(qu)(qu)安(an)全技(ji)術措(cuo)施和(he)(he)防護措(cuo)施,任何(he)規(gui)模、任何(he)種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)確保安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一些安(an)全規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條文(wen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有經驗(yan)教(jiao)訓和(he)(he)理論根(gen)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所以(yi)一定(ding)(ding)要(yao)克服麻痹思想，嚴(yan)格執行安(an)全規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，決(jue)不能以(yi)沒(mei)出過事(shi)故(gu)而輕率地"突破(po)(po)"規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"框框"。

我國于1983年制定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物巖行基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(sD 121l一(yi)(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)已(yi)成(cheng)為必須進行的(de)(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)礎(chu)上修訂(ding)的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(SL 47一(yi)(yi)1994)以及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)定了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級(ji)以上的(de)(de)巖石(shi)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)部(bu)位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)都(dou)應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡述(shu)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)計的(de)(de)原則(ze)和參數(shu)、安(an)全措施(shi)(shi)，而(er)且還明(ming)確了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)驗收檢(jian)(jian)測數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和檢(jian)(jian)測方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地(di)推動和促進了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)與發展。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)基礎上(shang)發展起來的(de)一項新技術(shu)，其掏(tao)槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結構(gou)和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方(fang)式與水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)相同，但(dan)在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中(zhong)安裝專用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚能藥(yao)管(guan)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚能藥(yao)管(guan)產生(sheng)的(de)粒子射流(liu)動(dong)能、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用(yong)(yong)，形(xing)成(cheng)平整(zheng)圓(yuan)順的(de)開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好(hao)效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧(sui)道施工質量、進度和經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊眼(yan)單循環火(huo)工品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)鉆孔數量從(cong)39個(ge)下(xia)降為23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約(yue)(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)(yue)(yue)1.37立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循環節約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)(yue)(yue)76較元(yuan)，節約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比例(li)達32%。此外(wai)，聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能有效(xiao)降低隧(sui)道內(nei)石渣塊度和粉(fen)塵含量，還可使(shi)通風時間有效(xiao)縮(suo)短(duan)33%。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)破(po)是(shi)在炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)兩端填(tian)充水(shui)(shui)袋，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)裝上乳化炸，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)再用(yong)炮(pao)(pao)泥封死，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)距很大，兩個炮(pao)(pao)空之間(jian)(jian)相距了一米左右，是(shi)常規(gui)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)距的(de)(de)兩倍，這(zhe)樣可以節省(sheng)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)材料，這(zhe)兩個凹槽(cao)又稱為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)非常重要，放置(zhi)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和方向都十(shi)分講究，一點也不能(neng)(neng)(neng)出錯，在爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射(she)流立即往(wang)凹槽(cao)兩邊的(de)(de)巖石進行(xing)切割，巖石如同豆腐一樣輕松被(bei)切割切割出來的(de)(de)輪廓線十(shi)分平(ping)順，效果(guo)(guo)極好，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)破(po)中(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)袋沒有降低(di)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)效果(guo)(guo)，反而(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)保護(hu)隧道(dao)周(zhou)邊植被(bei)，減少地質擾動，降低(di)煙(yan)塵，重要的(de)(de)是(shi)節省(sheng)炸成本，在未(wei)來這(zhe)項(xiang)技術會廣泛應用(yong)于工程中(zhong)，降低(di)施(shi)工成本。爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)，在周(zhou)邊眼單(dan)循(xun)環火工品使用(yong)量上節約(yue)費用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼鉆孔(kong)(kong)數量從(cong)39個下降為23個費用(yong)節約(yue)41%，混凝土噴(pen)射(she)每延米節約(yue)1.37立方米。