在工程爆破中,深孔爆破聚能管廠家常用的起爆方法有:電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸,進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有:電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式,要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇,濟寧深孔爆破聚能管基本連(lian)接方(fang)式有(you):串聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串并聯(lian)和并串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全(quan)、可靠、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效等優點,在國內外仍占有(you)較大(da)比重(zhong)。在大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中,主要仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中,電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干擾(rao)而發(fa)生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao),因(yin)此在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中,不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。
水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技術基(ji)礎上發(fa)展起(qi)來的一項新技術,其掏槽眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結構(gou)和(he)爆破(po)(po)方式與水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)相同,但在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)線性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管替代常(chang)規(gui)爆破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆線,利用(yong)線性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管產生的粒子射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆破(po)(po)氣(qi)體應(ying)力及(ji)“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong),形(xing)成平整圓順(shun)的開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面(mian),對控制超(chao)欠(qian)挖(wa)具有良好效果,有效提升了隧道(dao)施工質量、進度(du)和(he)經濟(ji)效益。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po),在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)單循環火工品使用(yong)量上節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)8.3%,周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數量從39個下(xia)降(jiang)為23個費(fei)(fei)用(yong)節(jie)約41%,混凝(ning)土噴射(she)每延米節(jie)約1.37立(li)方米。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)258.4元,即每延米節(jie)約76較(jiao)元,節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)比例達32%。此(ci)外,聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效降(jiang)低(di)隧道(dao)內(nei)石渣塊度(du)和(he)粉塵含(han)量,還(huan)可(ke)使通風時間有效縮短33%。
各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以(yi)及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材意外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與人員(yuan)(yuan)和其(qi)他保護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象之(zhi)間的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)應(ying)取各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)(地(di)震、沖擊波、飛(fei)石、有(you)毒(du)氣體等(deng))分別核定(ding)的大(da)值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時,必(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣沖擊波、碎石飛(fei)散(san)及(ji)有(you)害(hai)(hai)氣體,因此,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)時必(bi)須(xu)確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)(hai)范圍,并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人員(yuan)(yuan)、設(she)備、建筑(zhu)物(wu)及(ji)井巷等(deng)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan),這(zhe)(zhe)一段距(ju)離(li)就稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)。如何控制好(hao)這(zhe)(zhe)段距(ju)離(li)就顯的尤為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要。為(wei)(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)點(dian)與人員(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)其(qi)他應(ying)保護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象之(zhi)間必(bi)須(xu)保持短的相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)隨距(ju)離(li)的增加有(you)規(gui)律地(di)衰(shuai)減,用距(ju)離(li)作為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)在(zai)允許限度之(zhi)內(nei)。中(zhong)國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li),個別飛(fei)散(san)物(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li),以(yi)及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)。
聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包破(po)碎(sui)法(fa)特點是:不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)(yao)打(da)眼,因而(er)不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)(yao)購(gou)買打(da)眼設備(bei)和(he)動力(li)設備(bei);施工(gong)(gong)簡單,施工(gong)(gong)進度比(bi)淺(qian)眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)法(fa)快安全(quan)性比(bi)普(pu)通淺(qian)眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)法(fa)和(he)普(pu)通裸露藥(yao)包法(fa)好(hao);勞動強度比(bi)淺(qian)眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)法(fa)低。制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)有:黑(hei)索金(jin)和(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合熔鑄型(xing)(xing);乳化(hua)油炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)和(he)黑(hei)索金(jin)混裝型(xing)(xing)和(he)二號巖石(shi)硝鉸炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)壓制型(xing)(xing)。根(gen)據使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果證明,選用(yong)(yong)密度較(jiao)大和(he)爆(bao)(bao)速較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包能(neng)獲得(de)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)碎(sui)效果。這主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是由(you)于它加(jia)工(gong)(gong)簡單和(he)破(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)大。在(zai)礦山由(you)于二次破(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)包較(jiao)多(duo)(duo),而(er)且金(jin)屬藥(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)費(fei)工(gong)(gong)又費(fei)材(cai)料,所以多(duo)(duo)不(bu)(bu)采用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩。國(guo)內生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)(yong)于破(po)碎(sui)大塊的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包,裝置聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包時(shi),要(yao)(yao)將藥(yao)包垂直裝在(zai)大塊的(de)(de)(de)頂面上(shang)(shang),聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)穴朝(chao)下(xia)。藥(yao)包位置應選在(zai)頂面的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)何中心或(huo)附近較(jiao)平整的(de)(de)(de)地點。然后在(zai)上(shang)(shang)面覆蓋泥沙。