對(dui)(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業安全(quan)技(ji)術的(de)研究,是(shi)(shi)從(cong)兩(liang)個方面去考(kao)慮的(de)，一方面是(shi)(shi)炸和起爆(bao)(bao)器材以及對(dui)(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸所(suo)(suo)造(zao)成的(de)破(po)壞作(zuo)用進行(xing)限制(zhi)的(de)安全(quan)技(ji)術,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)主動的(de)。另(ling)一個方面是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)生的(de)危(wei)害采取的(de)防(fang)護(hu)措施(shi)(shi),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)被動的(de)一個方面。兩(liang)者對(dui)(dui)阻止(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)帶來的(de)破(po)壞性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)同(tong)樣的(de)重要性(xing),但在具體的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong),則常(chang)常(chang)會有(you)(you)(you)變化不定(ding)的(de)現象和后果,因此(ci),必(bi)須對(dui)(dui)每(mei)一項工(gong)程(cheng)破(po)壞的(de)具體情況作(zuo)細致的(de)分析研究,從(cong)而(er)采取適當的(de)對(dui)(dui)策。同(tong)時，雖然技(ji)術不斷取得進步(bu)，須在操作(zuo)過程(cheng)中(zhong)注意每(mei)個工(gong)序，按照安全(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)認(ren)真作(zuo)業。只(zhi)要嚴格遵守(shou)安全(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)、正確地(di)采取安全(quan)技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)和防(fang)護(hu)措施(shi)(shi),任何規(gui)(gui)模、任何種類的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)(shi)可以確保(bao)安全(quan)的(de)。一些安全(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)條文是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)經驗教訓和理論根據的(de)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)血的(de)教訓的(de)總結，所(suo)(suo)以一定(ding)要克服麻痹思想，嚴格執行(xing)安全(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，決不能以沒出(chu)過事故而(er)輕率地(di)"突破(po)"規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)"框框"。

采用(yong)一(yi)種抗(kang)靜電(dian)阻燃的(de)(de)(de)特種塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)、異形(xing)雙槽(cao)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)，根據炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度可長可短(duan)。是兩個相似半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)中央有個凹進(jin)(jin)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)槽(cao)叫(jiao)做(zuo)'聚能(neng)槽(cao)"，使(shi)用(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)成(cheng)型效果好，開挖輪廓線平順整齊，圍巖擾動(dong)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超(chao)欠挖明顯(xian)改善，有利于(yu)支護工(gong)序施工(gong)，同時混凝(ning)土回填成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)為降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔(kong)率(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作業工(gong)班的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)量:鉆孔(kong)縮短(duan)30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)(yan)、出(chu)渣(zha)量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)時消耗(hao)、勞動(dong)效率(lv)明顯(xian)提(ti)高，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低(di)30%以(yi)上(shang)，半(ban)(ban)眼(yan)(yan)痕保留率(lv)高達85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤礦、鐵(tie)礦等需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程。采用(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)距(ju)，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿(jiang)，提(ti)高半(ban)(ban)孔(kong)率(lv)，既(ji)節省了(le)成(cheng)本(ben)又提(ti)高了(le)施工(gong)效率(lv)。

不(bu)(bu)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)事例(li)是(shi)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)(bu)倒、實施(shi)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)后沒有按(an)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向倒塌等等。這(zhe)些事例(li)警(jing)示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)(she)計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)器(qi)(qi)材質量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)到起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路連(lian)接等，只要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)環(huan)(huan)節出(chu)現失誤，都(dou)將影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，乃(nai)至造成嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業無(wu)論是(shi)老(lao)舊(jiu)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)本身(shen)還(huan)是(shi)周圍環(huan)(huan)境都(dou)十分復雜，這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)認真調查(cha)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包(bao)括施(shi)工(gong)缺陷)，分析(xi)受力(li)狀況(kuang)，同時(shi)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對采(cai)取技術(shu)措施(shi)(如預處理、嵌補、支撐等)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠和(he)(he)安(an)全性進行分析(xi)，對可能出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)意外情況(kuang)，應預先制定應急方(fang)案，努力(li)避免安(an)全事故和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)性越(yue)來越(yue)受到人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，同時(shi)，探索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)，一(yi)(yi)直是(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)作者(zhe)追求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。設(she)(she)立(li)掩蔽體(ti)對物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)加以保(bao)(bao)護，簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法是(shi)用草袋、竹笆(ba)(ba)一(yi)(yi)類材料覆蓋在需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)上面;對房屋和(he)(he)機器(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備常要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在迎面和(he)(he)頂部豎(shu)立(li)排架，用木板或荊笆(ba)(ba)上罩鐵絲(si)網(wang)，抵御較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和(he)(he)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣沖擊波的(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊;對某些重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)打防震孔或者(zhe)用預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)區(qu)和(he)(he)被保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)或工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)施(shi)隔(ge)離開(kai)來。

陽江雙向爆破聚能管水壓爆破是在炮孔兩端填充水袋，中間裝上乳化炸，炮孔再用炮泥封死，炮孔間距很大，兩個炮空之間相距了一米左右，是常規爆破的炮孔間距的兩倍，這樣可以節省炮孔材料，這兩個凹槽又稱為聚能槽，聚能槽非常重要，放置的位置和方向都十分講究，一點也不能出錯，雙向爆破聚能管價格在爆破(po)(po)的(de)瞬間，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓聚能(neng)(neng)射流立(li)(li)即往(wang)凹槽(cao)兩邊(bian)的(de)巖(yan)石進(jin)行切(qie)(qie)割(ge)，巖(yan)石如(ru)同豆腐(fu)一樣輕松被切(qie)(qie)割(ge)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)出來(lai)(lai)的(de)輪(lun)廓線十分平順，效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)極好，聚能(neng)(neng)水壓爆破(po)(po)中(zhong)的(de)水袋沒有(you)降(jiang)低爆破(po)(po)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，反而能(neng)(neng)保護隧道周(zhou)邊(bian)植被，減(jian)少地質(zhi)擾動，降(jiang)低煙塵，重要的(de)是節省(sheng)炸成本(ben)，在未來(lai)(lai)這項技術會廣泛應用于工(gong)程中(zhong)，降(jiang)低施(shi)工(gong)成本(ben)。爆破(po)(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管水壓光(guang)面爆破(po)(po)較水壓光(guang)面爆破(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼單循環火工(gong)品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔數(shu)量從39個下降(jiang)為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延(yan)米(mi)節約1.37立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。

在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中，常用的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)形式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)等進行選擇(ze)，基本連接(jie)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全、可(ke)靠、準(zhun)確、高效(xiao)等優點，在國內外仍占有(you)較大比重。在大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中，主要仍是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在有(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾而(er)發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中，不能(neng)(neng)使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)。

預裂(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)歷(li)史(shi)與現狀(zhuang)：預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設計(ji)開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界布(bu)置密(mi)(mi)集(ji)炮(pao)孔，采(cai)取不耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低(di)威(wei)力(li)炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)區之前起爆(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)區與保(bao)留(liu)區之間形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)預裂(lie)縫，以減弱主爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)對(dui)保(bao)留(liu)巖體的(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)平整輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)。光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設計(ji)開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界布(bu)設密(mi)(mi)集(ji)炮(pao)孔，采(cai)用不耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低(di)威(wei)力(li)炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)的(de)以形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)平整的(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)發展是(shi)先(xian)出現光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍(yan)生發展為預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國內(nei)歷(li)史(shi)與現狀(zhuang)，我(wo)國于1964～1965年在(zai)湖北陸(lu)水水電(dian)站(zhan)施(shi)工中(zhong)做過淺孔預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年鐵道部門(men)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)昆(kun)鐵路(lu)建設中(zhong)開(kai)始試驗(yan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)西延線張家船工點，全(quan)長近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)坡全(quan)部采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡平整穩定，殘留(liu)的(de)半孔清晰可(ke)見(jian)，是(shi)鐵路(lu)建設中(zhong)采(cai)用路(lu)塹(qian)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。