施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝嚴格遵(zun)循六字方(fang)(fang)(fang)針(掛滿(man)、貼緊(jin)、對(dui)準(zhun))：(1)要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)打眼(yan)質量,炮(pao)眼(yan)必須(xu)按技術要求合理布置(zhi)。(2)要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)掏槽(cao)眼(yan)以(yi)及(ji)其(qi)他眼(yan)眼(yan)的打眼(yan)質量,一定(ding)要在規定(ding)位置(zhi)上打眼(yan);二要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)深度和(he)角度。(3)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)時,要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸藥(yao)在聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)空(kong)內壁中(zhong)填充飽滿(man)不得有空(kong)隙出現時以(yi)產生拒爆。(4)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)在炮(pao)眼(yan)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)填時,要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的兩(liang)條聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指向巷道輪廓(kuo)線方(fang)(fang)(fang)向并且(qie)各個炮(pao)眼(yan)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸線方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)相互(hu)連接(jie)在隧道輪廓(kuo)線上。否則成型效果(guo)不僅不好,反而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)堵塞(sai)質量。(6)放炮(pao)員應提前(qian)按規定(ding)裝(zhuang)好聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的炸藥(yao),并做好準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。試(shi)用范圍(wei):一級至五級圍(wei)巖(yan)的光面(mian)爆破工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。

各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷(xiao)毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)和其他保護(hu)對象之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)取各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)（地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)、沖擊(ji)波、飛(fei)(fei)石、有(you)毒氣體等）分別核(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)、空(kong)氣沖擊(ji)波、碎(sui)石飛(fei)(fei)散及有(you)害(hai)(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)必(bi)須確定(ding)(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到(dao)附近人(ren)員(yuan)、設備、建(jian)筑物及井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。如何控制好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯的(de)(de)尤為(wei)(wei)重要(yao)。為(wei)(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)點與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)或其他應(ying)(ying)保護(hu)對象之(zhi)間(jian)必(bi)須保持短的(de)(de)相(xiang)隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)增加有(you)規律(lv)地(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可(ke)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)在允許限度之(zhi)內(nei)。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)(fei)散物安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)波的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。

聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引(yin)信(xin)和(he)支架等(deng)部分(fen)組成(cheng)，其作用及對(dui)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分(fen)述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓越大(da)(da)(da)，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力越大(da)(da)(da)；為(wei)得(de)到(dao)高爆(bao)壓，需高爆(bao)速(su)、高密度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)。常用炸(zha)(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方(fang)法有(you)熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)壓裝(zhuang)多(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提高其穿透和(he)切(qie)割能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須(xu)滿足四點(dian)要(yao)求，即可壓縮性(xing)小、密度高、塑性(xing)和(he)延展性(xing)好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不汽(qi)化(hua)。大(da)(da)(da)量試驗證明，用紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好，其次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)，主要(yao)有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)用于切(qie)割屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用于切(qie)割管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔(qiang)(qiang)和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空腔(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)獲(huo)得(de)極大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

滁州多向聚能管的軍事應用：聚能爆破技術，早在二次世界大戰期間就在軍事方面廣泛應用。國內在聚能破甲技術如大錐角反艦導彈戰斗部和大錐角反坦克地雷以及敏感彈戰斗部等方面取得了較為快速的發展，我國20世紀60年代打破國外技術封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子彈就是得力于聚能爆破技術轟擊核裝置而引爆原子彈。專用多向聚能管的民爆(bao)應(ying)用(yong)——切槽爆(bao)破技術：聚能(neng)爆(bao)破用(yong)于(yu)工程建設(she)也是(shi)20世紀60年代開始的，首先(xian)是(shi)瑞典(dian)的U﹒Langefors提出孔壁(bi)切槽爆(bao)破利(li)用(yong)槽口應(ying)力集(ji)中定向開裂的設(she)想，后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)有效的。70年代國外廣泛研究和應(ying)用(yong)了切槽爆(bao)破技術。

采用(yong)(yong)(yong)一種抗靜(jing)電(dian)阻燃的特種塑料管(guan)(guan)(guan)、異形雙(shuang)槽聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)，根據炮眼深(shen)度可長可短。是兩(liang)個相似半壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)中央有(you)個凹進去的槽叫做'聚能槽"，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)型(xing)效果好，開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓線平順整齊，圍巖擾動減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)、超欠挖(wa)明顯改善，有(you)利于(yu)支(zhi)護工序施工，同時混凝土回(hui)填成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)大(da)為降低(di)。鑿(zao)孔(kong)率減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降低(di)了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業工班(ban)的勞(lao)動量(liang):鉆孔(kong)縮短30分鐘(zhong)、少(shao)打眼、出渣量(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)，降低(di)了材料成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)工時消耗(hao)、勞(lao)動效率明顯提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)，周(zhou)邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)降低(di)30%以(yi)上，半眼痕(hen)保留率高(gao)(gao)達85%以(yi)上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)隧(sui)道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵(tie)礦(kuang)等需要進行光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施工的工程(cheng)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)的光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)可減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)鉆孔(kong)，擴(kuo)大(da)孔(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)超挖(wa)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴漿，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)半孔(kong)率，既節省(sheng)了成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)又提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)了施工效率。

是將(jiang)炸藥(yao)裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)內，兩頭均放置(zhi)了(le)水(shui)袋(dai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)高溫高壓射流，讓水(shui)袋(dai)產生(sheng)“水(shui)楔”效應(ying),使圍巖(yan)裂縫(feng)加劇延伸擴(kuo)展。它是在(zai)水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破基礎(chu)上發展起來(lai)的(de)一項新技術(shu)(shu)，區別只是在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)替代(dai)常(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)破藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)線，只要做到(dao)七大關鍵環節：水(shui)袋(dai)挺拔飽滿(man)、炮(pao)泥(ni)軟硬適(shi)中、水(shui)袋(dai)裝(zhuang)填到(dao)底、炮(pao)泥(ni)回填到(dao)口、木棍逐節搗固、水(shui)藥(yao)緊密相連、槽面必須平(ping)行，就能(neng)(neng)(neng)對控(kong)制超(chao)欠挖(wa)起到(dao)良好效果。在(zai)推(tui)廣水(shui)壓爆(bao)破的(de)基礎(chu)上，去年9月(yue)，水(shui)壓聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破的(de)成果上，今年更為深入地在(zai)興泉鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)大嶺(ling)隧道(dao)、牡佳鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)麻山隧道(dao)采用(yong)了(le)此項技術(shu)(shu)，積累了(le)成功(gong)經驗。