我國于1983年制定了(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)行(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建(jian)設中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已(yi)成為(wei)必須進行(xing)的保護邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)質量的爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開挖技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)修訂(ding)的《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入并有所改(gai)進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編(bian)為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的巖(yan)石邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)部位的爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應采(cai)用(yong)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術設計(ji)的原則和參數、安(an)全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量驗(yan)收檢測(ce)數量和檢測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，有力(li)地推動(dong)和促進了(le)(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術在(zai)(zai)鐵路建(jian)設中的應用(yong)與(yu)發展。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破較水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破，在(zai)周邊眼單循(xun)(xun)環(huan)火(huo)工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下(xia)降(jiang)為23個費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴射(she)每延米節(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破比水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破每循(xun)(xun)環(huan)節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延米節(jie)約(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例(li)達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)降(jiang)低隧道內石渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量，還可使通風(feng)時間有效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破工藝(yi)技術很成(cheng)(cheng)熟、可操(cao)作性很強、材(cai)料成(cheng)(cheng)本很低、施工速(su)度很快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保(bao)效(xiao)果很顯著(zhu)、經濟效(xiao)益社會(hui)效(xiao)益很高。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術是近幾年(nian)發展起來(lai)的一項掘進(jin)新技術,這(zhe)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術與傳統的光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術有一定(ding)的差別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破原(yuan)理是在(zai)巷道周邊眼中,將炸(zha)裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破時利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用(yong)(yong)(yong),以(yi)減少裂(lie)隙的數量和(he)控制(zhi)優勢裂(lie)隙的發展方向(xiang)(xiang)。

專用爆破多向聚能管是將炸藥裝在聚能管內，兩頭均放置了水袋，聚能管爆炸產生的高溫高壓射流，讓水袋產生“水楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展。它是在水壓光面爆破基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，區別只是在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，只要做到七大關鍵環節：水袋挺拔飽滿、炮泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥緊密相連、槽面必須平行，就能對控制超欠挖起到良好效果。爆破多向聚能管廠家在推(tui)廣(guang)水壓(ya)爆破的基礎上(shang)，去年9月，水壓(ya)聚能爆破的成(cheng)果上(shang)，今(jin)年更為深(shen)入地在興(xing)泉鐵(tie)路(lu)大嶺隧(sui)道、牡佳鐵(tie)路(lu)麻山隧(sui)道采用了此項技術，積(ji)累(lei)了成(cheng)功經驗。

水壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)破技術，是在水壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)破技術基礎(chu)上發(fa)展起來的(de)一項(xiang)新技術，其(qi)掏槽眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥結(jie)構(gou)和爆(bao)破方式與水壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)置替代(dai)常(chang)規爆(bao)破藥卷(juan)和傳爆(bao)線，利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)產生的(de)粒(li)子射流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)破氣(qi)體應力及“氣(qi)楔(xie)”作用(yong)(yong)，形成平整圓順的(de)開挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面，對控制(zhi)超(chao)欠(qian)挖(wa)具有(you)良好效果，有(you)效提(ti)升了隧道施工質量、進(jin)度和經濟效益。科學(xue)合理地(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)(yong)效率，對節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端的(de)水平開出的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流效應對巖石進(jin)行破碎。據專(zhuan)(zhuan)家測(ce)算(suan)，由于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割(ge)效應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效比提(ti)升一個量級(ji)。