在(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火(huo)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)形式(shi)，要根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)進行選擇，基本連(lian)(lian)接(jie)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)較安全、可靠、準(zhun)確、高效(xiao)等(deng)優(you)點(dian)，在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)仍占有(you)較大(da)比重。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。

1、先試探(tan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)咨詢制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)銷售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)：您要(yao)訂爆破(po)線(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)號中(zhong)字母表示意思(si)；規格(ge)(ge)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字表示意思(si)；執行標(biao)準中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)字母及數(shu)(shu)字的(de)(de)(de)表示意思(si)。如果制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)銷售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)回答時(shi)支支吾吾、一(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)半解(jie)甚(shen)至一(yi)(yi)(yi)無所知(zhi)，可想而知(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量如何。2、任何一(yi)(yi)(yi)種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)都(dou)有其(qi)(qi)適用(yong)范圍和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)境(jing)。咨詢您要(yao)訂爆破(po)線(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能、具體使(shi)用(yong)辦法、使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)。如果制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)銷售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)給您的(de)(de)(de)答復(fu)與您的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)不一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，應判定為：爆破(po)線(xian)(xian)制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)型(xing)(xing)號規格(ge)(ge)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)或者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)只是對其(qi)(qi)他廠商(shang)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)簡單(dan)模(mo)仿。3、正規產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)都(dou)有其(qi)(qi)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝和(he)流(liu)程。原材料(liao)合格(ge)(ge)供應商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇評定→原材料(liao)購進、運(yun)輸、儲存(cun)、保管→生(sheng)產(chan)過程質量控制(zhi)→不合格(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)處置及糾正措施→運(yun)輸交付→售(shou)(shou)后服務均有嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)操作規程。咨詢爆破(po)線(xian)(xian)制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)銷售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)任何一(yi)(yi)(yi)個節點，就可知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)是否有能力（生(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)水(shui)平、專業設備及過程檢測設備）生(sheng)產(chan)出合格(ge)(ge)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。

我國于1983年制定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)與光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)已成為必須進行的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此后在此基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)修訂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及(ji)在《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)與光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入并(bing)有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)(bu)也不僅規定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po)，設計邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部(bu)(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工都應(ying)采用光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡(chan)述了(le)光面(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設計的(de)(de)(de)原則和(he)參數(shu)、安全措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光面(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測數(shu)量(liang)和(he)檢測方(fang)法。無疑該規程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促(cu)進了(le)光面(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設中的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用與發(fa)展(zhan)。

中山礦用型雙向聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，礦用型雙向聚能管公司該(gai)發明設(she)計已經進入(ru)到(dao)(dao)了(le)試生產(chan)階(jie)段。未來，三“聚能槽(cao)”設(she)計的聚能水壓爆(bao)破技(ji)術將推動中(zhong)鐵十(shi)四局四公司(si)張吉(ji)懷鐵路項(xiang)(xiang)目部施工開展邁上一個(ge)新的臺(tai)階(jie)，給項(xiang)(xiang)目部帶來巨大的經濟效益。工程爆(bao)破技(ji)術經過幾十(shi)年的發展，已經滲透(tou)到(dao)(dao)經濟建設(she)的眾(zhong)多領域(yu)，特別(bie)為中(zhong)國的鐵路建設(she)、礦山開采、城市拆舊定(ding)向爆(bao)破等做(zuo)出了(le)重要(yao)貢獻。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)銷毀以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)意(yi)外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)和其他(ta)保(bao)護對(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)取(qu)各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地(di)震、沖擊(ji)波(bo)、飛(fei)石(shi)、有(you)毒氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)等(deng)）分別核定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣(qi)(qi)沖擊(ji)波(bo)、碎石(shi)飛(fei)散(san)及有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，因此(ci)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)必須(xu)確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人(ren)員(yuan)、設備(bei)、建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)及井巷等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如何控(kong)制好這段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就顯的(de)(de)(de)尤為重要。為保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)點與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)或其他(ta)應(ying)保(bao)護對(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間必須(xu)保(bao)持短的(de)(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)增加有(you)規(gui)律地(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作為安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可限(xian)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效應(ying)在允(yun)許限(xian)度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)散(san)物(wu)(wu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。

水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼單循環火(huo)工品(pin)使用量(liang)(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用8.3%，周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)(liang)從39個下降為23個費(fei)用節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴(pen)射每(mei)(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米。水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)(mei)循環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用258.4元(yuan)，即(ji)每(mei)(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元(yuan)，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用比例(li)達32%。此外，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道內石渣(zha)塊度和(he)粉塵含量(liang)(liang)，還可(ke)使通風時間有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝技術(shu)(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟、可(ke)操(cao)作性很(hen)強、材料成本(ben)很(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益社會(hui)效(xiao)(xiao)益很(hen)高。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)近幾年發展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)一(yi)項掘進新技術(shu)(shu)(shu),這(zhe)種(zhong)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)與傳統的(de)(de)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)差別,聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理是(shi)在(zai)巷道周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼中,將炸裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時利用聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用,以減(jian)少裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)和(he)控制優勢裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)方向(xiang)。