對于爆破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究,是(shi)從兩個(ge)方面(mian)去考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),一方面(mian)是(shi)炸和(he)(he)起爆器材以(yi)(yi)及對其(qi)爆炸所(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)作(zuo)用進(jin)行(xing)限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術,這是(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一個(ge)方面(mian)是(shi)對爆破(po)(po)(po)所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害(hai)采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措(cuo)(cuo)施,這是(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)方面(mian)。兩者對阻止爆破(po)(po)(po)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)性有(you)同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性,但在具(ju)(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆破(po)(po)(po)工程中,則常(chang)常(chang)會有(you)變(bian)化不(bu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象和(he)(he)后果,因(yin)此,必(bi)須對每(mei)一項(xiang)工程破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體情況作(zuo)細(xi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析研究,從而(er)采(cai)取適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對策。同時,雖然技(ji)(ji)術不(bu)斷取得進(jin)步,須在操作(zuo)過程中注意每(mei)個(ge)工序,按照安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程認真(zhen)作(zuo)業(ye)。只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)遵(zun)守安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程、正確(que)地采(cai)取安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術措(cuo)(cuo)施和(he)(he)防護措(cuo)(cuo)施,任(ren)何(he)規(gui)模、任(ren)何(he)種(zhong)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆破(po)(po)(po)是(shi)可以(yi)(yi)確(que)保安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一些(xie)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)有(you)經驗教(jiao)(jiao)訓(xun)和(he)(he)理論(lun)根(gen)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至(zhi)是(shi)血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)訓(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)一定要(yao)(yao)克服麻痹思想,嚴格(ge)執行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定,決不(bu)能以(yi)(yi)沒出過事故而(er)輕(qing)率地"突破(po)(po)(po)"規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。
采用(yong)一種抗靜電(dian)阻燃的(de)(de)特種塑料管(guan)、異(yi)形(xing)雙槽(cao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan),根據(ju)炮眼(yan)(yan)深度可長可短(duan)。是兩個相似半(ban)壁管(guan)組成,半(ban)壁管(guan)中(zhong)央(yang)有個凹進去的(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做(zuo)'聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)",使用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)成型效(xiao)果好,開挖(wa)輪廓線平順整齊,圍巖擾動(dong)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)、超欠挖(wa)明顯(xian)改善,有利于支護工序施(shi)工,同時(shi)混凝土回(hui)填(tian)成本大(da)(da)為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔率(lv)(lv)(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)30%,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低(di)了爆破(po)作業工班的(de)(de)勞動(dong)量:鉆孔縮短(duan)30分鐘(zhong)、少(shao)(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)(yan)、出渣量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao),降(jiang)低(di)了材料成本、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)工時(shi)消耗、勞動(dong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)明顯(xian)提高,周邊眼(yan)(yan)爆破(po)成本降(jiang)低(di)30%以上(shang),半(ban)眼(yan)(yan)痕保留(liu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)高達85%以上(shang)。pvc爆破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)主(zhu)要應(ying)用(yong)于隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等需(xu)要進行光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)施(shi)工的(de)(de)工程。采用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)鉆孔,擴大(da)(da)孔距,減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)導爆管(guan)用(yong)量,減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)超挖(wa),減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)噴(pen)漿(jiang),提高半(ban)孔率(lv)(lv)(lv),既(ji)節省了成本又提高了施(shi)工效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。
在工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中,常用的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)(shi)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸,進而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接形式,要(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規(gui)模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing)、所(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其(qi)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)進行選(xuan)擇,基本連接方(fang)(fang)式有(you)(you)(you):串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、串并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)并串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)(deng)(deng)優點(dian),在國內外仍占有(you)(you)(you)較大比重。在大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中,主(zhu)要(yao)仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾(rao)而發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),因此(ci)在有(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境中,不能使(shi)(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。
的(de)軍(jun)事應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong):聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),早在(zai)二次世界大(da)戰期間就在(zai)軍(jun)事方(fang)面廣泛(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)。國內在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)破(po)(po)甲技(ji)(ji)術(shu)如大(da)錐(zhui)角反艦導彈戰斗部和(he)大(da)錐(zhui)角反坦克地雷(lei)以及敏感彈戰斗部等方(fang)面取得了較為快速的(de)發展,我國20世紀60年(nian)代打(da)破(po)(po)國外技(ji)(ji)術(shu)封鎖獨立自主研發成(cheng)功(gong)原(yuan)子(zi)彈就是得力于(yu)聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)轟擊核裝(zhuang)置(zhi)而引爆(bao)(bao)原(yuan)子(zi)彈。的(de)民爆(bao)(bao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)——切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu):聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設也(ye)是20世紀60年(nian)代開始的(de),首先是瑞典的(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)利用(yong)槽(cao)口應(ying)(ying)(ying)力集(ji)中(zhong)定向開裂的(de)設想,后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有(you)效的(de)。70年(nian)代國外廣泛(fan)研究(jiu)和(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)了切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。
專業礦用型雙向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術在隧道掘進作業中的實際應用。提升光面爆破水平、嚴抓隧道超挖管控進行了介紹。聚能水壓光面爆破工藝技術很成熟、可操作性很強、材料成本很低、施工速度很快、節能環保效果很顯著、經濟效益社會效益很高。一是要提高對推廣該項技術重要性和必然性的認識;二是要樹立必須采取聚能水壓光面爆破的意識;三是要堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是要制定切實的獎懲制度;五是要建立檢查監督機制,持續促進該項技術的深入推廣。礦用型雙向聚能管公司在隧道施工的現(xian)場管理、科(ke)技創新、人才培養、經(jing)濟效益等方面的不足。建議對(dui)施工一線基(ji)礎(chu)技術工作扎(zha)實推(tui)進;對(dui)新工藝、先進工法要(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極懈怠(dai)、故(gu)步自(zi)封的思(si)想要(yao)堅決抵(di)制。