徐州爆破多向聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，爆破多向聚能管公司該發明設計已(yi)經(jing)進入到了試生產階(jie)段(duan)。未來，三“聚(ju)能(neng)槽”設計的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)水壓爆破(po)技術(shu)將(jiang)推動中(zhong)鐵(tie)十(shi)四局四公司張(zhang)吉懷鐵(tie)路項目部施工(gong)開(kai)展邁(mai)上一個新的(de)臺階(jie)，給項目部帶來巨大的(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。工(gong)程(cheng)爆破(po)技術(shu)經(jing)過(guo)幾(ji)十(shi)年的(de)發展，已(yi)經(jing)滲透(tou)到經(jing)濟建(jian)設的(de)眾多領(ling)域，特別為(wei)中(zhong)國的(de)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設、礦山開(kai)采、城市拆舊定向爆破(po)等做(zuo)出了重要貢獻。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)兩(liang)(liang)端填(tian)充水(shui)(shui)袋，中間(jian)裝上乳化炸，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)再用(yong)(yong)(yong)炮(pao)(pao)泥封死，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間(jian)距很大，兩(liang)(liang)個炮(pao)(pao)空之(zhi)間(jian)相距了一(yi)米(mi)左右，是(shi)常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間(jian)距的(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍，這樣可以(yi)節省炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)材料(liao)，這兩(liang)(liang)個凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)又稱為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)(cao)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)(cao)非常重要，放置(zhi)的(de)位置(zhi)和方向都十分講究，一(yi)點也不能(neng)出(chu)(chu)錯，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)瞬間(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)射(she)流立即往凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)的(de)巖石(shi)進行(xing)切(qie)割，巖石(shi)如同豆腐一(yi)樣輕松被(bei)(bei)切(qie)割切(qie)割出(chu)(chu)來的(de)輪廓線(xian)十分平順，效(xiao)果(guo)極好，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中的(de)水(shui)(shui)袋沒(mei)有降低(di)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，反(fan)而(er)能(neng)保護(hu)隧道周邊(bian)植被(bei)(bei)，減少地質擾動(dong)，降低(di)煙塵，重要的(de)是(shi)節省炸成本(ben)，在(zai)未來這項技(ji)術會廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程中，降低(di)施工(gong)成本(ben)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循環火(huo)工(gong)品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量上節約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)數量從(cong)39個下降為23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)節約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射(she)每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。

施工(gong)因(yin)其(qi)復雜性(xing)、專業(ye)(ye)性(xing)、危險性(xing)，稍有不(bu)慎，將對人民的(de)(de)生(sheng)命財產(chan)(chan)安全(quan)(quan)造成不(bu)可估量(liang)的(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)，例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山(shan)東保利“5.20”等(deng)重大安全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故(gu)。因(yin)此(ci)，相較其(qi)他(ta)行業(ye)(ye)，國(guo)家(jia)出臺的(de)(de)相關法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規多、專、嚴(yan)，從爆(bao)破材料（炸藥(yao)、雷管(guan)、導(dao)爆(bao)索?管(guan)?及(ji)相關材料）的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、購進、運輸、儲存、發(fa)放、布網、連(lian)接、起爆(bao)、排爆(bao)等(deng)一(yi)系列程(cheng)序均(jun)有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)規定和科學的(de)(de)操作規程(cheng)，并且相關從業(ye)(ye)單位和人員(yuan)均(jun)應取(qu)得相應資質(zhi)。做為各(ge)類爆(bao)破中不(bu)可或缺(que)的(de)(de)一(yi)種導(dao)線，特別不(bu)同于一(yi)般的(de)(de)電線電纜，其(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)及(ji)各(ge)項技(ji)術(shu)參數也與普通(tong)電線電纜不(bu)同。部分(fen)家(jia)庭作坊(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)電線電纜廠(chang)無科學的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝、無基本的(de)(de)檢測設備、無專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)，甚至不(bu)知道爆(bao)破線的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)和技(ji)術(shu)參數，更不(bu)可能(neng)制訂自己的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)標準，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)設備、以粗糙的(de)(de)模仿(fang)進行生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)活(huo)動(dong)，致(zhi)(zhi)使市(shi)場充斥著假冒偽劣產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)爆(bao)破中提前或延遲起爆(bao)、盲(mang)炮增加且強制排爆(bao)困難，給人身安全(quan)(quan)和財產(chan)(chan)以及(ji)正常的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)活(huo)動(dong)造成了不(bu)可估量(liang)的(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。

施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝嚴(yan)格遵循(xun)六字方(fang)針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)必須(xu)按技術要求(qiu)合理布置。(2)要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)及(ji)其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),一定要在規定位置上(shang)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan);二要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝藥(yao)(yao)時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)乳化炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)在聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中空(kong)內(nei)壁中填(tian)(tian)充飽滿不得有空(kong)隙(xi)出現時(shi)以(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中裝填(tian)(tian)時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的兩條聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽指向巷道輪(lun)廓線方(fang)向并(bing)且各個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽軸線方(fang)面要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)相互連接在隧道輪(lun)廓線上(shang)。否則成(cheng)型效果不僅不好,反而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵(du)塞質量(liang)。(6)放炮(pao)員(yuan)應提前(qian)按規定裝好聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao),并(bing)做好準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作。試(shi)用(yong)范圍:一級至五級圍巖的光面爆破工(gong)(gong)程。

我國于1983年制定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖行基(ji)礎開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)已(yi)成為(wei)必須進(jin)(jin)行的(de)保護邊(bian)坡(po)質量的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此后在此基(ji)礎上(shang)修訂的(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖石(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及(ji)在《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖石(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)均(jun)被編入并(bing)有所改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也(ye)不僅(jin)規(gui)定了(le)凡(fan)是Ⅲ級以(yi)上(shang)的(de)巖石(shi)(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)，設計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部(bu)位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設計(ji)的(de)原(yuan)則和(he)參數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)路塹(qian)邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)項(xiang)目質量驗收(shou)檢測數量和(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促進(jin)(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在鐵路建(jian)(jian)設中的(de)應用(yong)與(yu)發展。