聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包破(po)(po)(po)碎法(fa)特點是(shi):不需要打眼(yan)(yan)，因而(er)不需要購買打眼(yan)(yan)設備和動(dong)力設備;施工(gong)簡單，施工(gong)進度(du)比淺眼(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)快安全性比普通淺眼(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)和普通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包法(fa)好;勞(lao)動(dong)強度(du)比淺眼(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)低。制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金和梯恩(en)梯混合熔鑄型;乳化油炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和黑索金混裝(zhuang)(zhuang)型和二(er)號(hao)巖(yan)石(shi)硝鉸炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制型。根據使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果證明(ming)，選用(yong)密度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)和爆速較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲得(de)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎效果。這(zhe)主要是(shi)由于(yu)它加工(gong)簡單和破(po)(po)(po)碎能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。在礦山由于(yu)二(er)次破(po)(po)(po)碎消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包較(jiao)(jiao)多，而(er)且(qie)金屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)費(fei)工(gong)又(you)費(fei)材料，所(suo)以多不采(cai)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種用(yong)于(yu)破(po)(po)(po)碎大(da)(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包時，要將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包垂直裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在大(da)(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂面上，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包位置應選在頂面的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)何中心或附(fu)近較(jiao)(jiao)平整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點。然(ran)后在上面覆蓋(gai)泥沙。

是將炸藥裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在聚(ju)能管內，兩頭均放置了水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋，聚(ju)能管爆(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)射流，讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋產生“水(shui)(shui)(shui)楔”效(xiao)應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸(shen)擴展。它是在水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破基(ji)礎上(shang)發(fa)展起(qi)來的(de)一項新技(ji)術，區別只是在周邊眼中安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)專用(yong)線性(xing)聚(ju)能藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線，只要做到(dao)(dao)七(qi)大(da)關鍵環節(jie)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋挺(ting)拔(ba)飽滿(man)、炮泥軟(ruan)硬適中、水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)到(dao)(dao)底、炮泥回填(tian)到(dao)(dao)口、木棍逐節(jie)搗固、水(shui)(shui)(shui)藥緊密相(xiang)連、槽面必(bi)須平行，就能對控制超欠(qian)挖起(qi)到(dao)(dao)良好效(xiao)果。在推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，去年9月(yue)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)成果上(shang)，今年更為深入地在興泉鐵路(lu)大(da)嶺隧道(dao)、牡佳(jia)鐵路(lu)麻山隧道(dao)采用(yong)了此項技(ji)術，積累了成功經(jing)驗。

我國(guo)于1983年(nian)制(zhi)定(ding)了《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)行基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)規范》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須(xu)進行的保(bao)護邊坡(po)(po)質(zhi)量的爆(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技術(shu)措施。此后在(zai)(zai)此基礎上修訂的《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)規范》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)均(jun)被(bei)編入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部(bu)也不僅規定(ding)了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖(yan)石邊坡(po)(po)，設計(ji)邊坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊坡(po)(po)部(bu)位(wei)的爆(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡(chan)述了光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)設計(ji)的原則和(he)(he)參數、安全措施，而(er)且還(huan)明確了路(lu)塹邊坡(po)(po)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)項(xiang)目質(zhi)量驗收檢(jian)測數量和(he)(he)檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規程的實(shi)施，有(you)力地推(tui)動和(he)(he)促進了光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設中的應用與(yu)(yu)發展。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)，是在(zai)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)基(ji)礎上發(fa)展起來的(de)(de)一項新技術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥結(jie)構和爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相(xiang)同，但在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)中安(an)裝(zhuang)專用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)置替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳(chuan)爆(bao)(bao)線，利(li)(li)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)粒子射流(liu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作(zuo)用(yong)，形(xing)成(cheng)平整圓(yuan)順的(de)(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)，對控(kong)制超(chao)欠挖具有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)了隧(sui)道施工質量、進(jin)度和經濟(ji)效(xiao)益。科學合理(li)地利(li)(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率，對節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也(ye)十分重(zhong)要。利(li)(li)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端的(de)(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流(liu)效(xiao)應對巖石進(jin)行破(po)(po)碎。據專家測算(suan)，由(you)于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升(sheng)一個量級(ji)。

專業雙向爆破聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。宣城雙向爆破聚能管是兩個相似半(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)組(zu)成，半(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)中央有個凹進(jin)去的(de)槽叫做'聚能(neng)(neng)槽"，使用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)成型效果好，開挖輪廓線平順整齊，圍巖擾(rao)動減少、超(chao)欠挖明顯(xian)(xian)改善(shan)，有利于(yu)支護工(gong)序施工(gong)，同時混凝土(tu)回填成本(ben)(ben)大(da)(da)為(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔(kong)率減少30%，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業工(gong)班的(de)勞動量:鉆孔(kong)縮短(duan)30分(fen)鐘、少打眼、出(chu)渣量減少，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)材料成本(ben)(ben)、減少工(gong)時消耗、勞動效率明顯(xian)(xian)提高，周邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)成本(ben)(ben)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)30%以上，半(ban)眼痕(hen)保(bao)留率高達(da)85%以上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要應用(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤(mei)礦(kuang)、鐵(tie)礦(kuang)等需(xu)要進(jin)行光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施工(gong)的(de)工(gong)程。采用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)可(ke)減少鉆孔(kong)，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)孔(kong)距，減少導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)量，減少超(chao)挖，減少噴漿，提高半(ban)孔(kong)率，既節省(sheng)了(le)(le)成本(ben)(ben)又(you)提高了(le)(le)施工(gong)效率。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)使(shi)(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)(er)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接形(xing)式(shi)(shi)，要根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)(de)重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)進行選擇，基本連接方(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)(bing)聯和并(bing)(bing)串(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)安(an)全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)優點，在國內外(wai)仍占(zhan)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)比(bi)重。在大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍是用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而(er)(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，不能(neng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。