水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，是(shi)在(zai)水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)基礎(chu)上發(fa)展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結(jie)構和(he)(he)爆(bao)破(po)方式(shi)與水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)相(xiang)同，但在(zai)周邊眼中安裝專(zhuan)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管裝置替(ti)代常規爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)(he)傳(chuan)爆(bao)線，利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)粒(li)子射流動能(neng)(neng)、高壓爆(bao)破(po)氣體應力(li)及(ji)“氣楔(xie)”作用(yong)，形成(cheng)平整圓順的(de)(de)(de)開挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)，對(dui)控制(zhi)超(chao)欠挖(wa)具有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧道施工質量、進(jin)度和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益。科學合理地(di)利用(yong)能(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)效(xiao)率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排也(ye)十分重要。利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石(shi)進(jin)行破(po)碎(sui)。據專(zhuan)家(jia)測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩(liang)端聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升一(yi)(yi)個量級(ji)。

廣州深孔爆破多向聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成，管體為塑性材料制成，呈管狀，管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑，長度可隨爆破需要生產，管體兩端各有外螺紋，兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫，切縫間等距有加強筋，前錐形定格帽呈傘狀，傘形尖有一光孔，兩側直壁內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑前端螺紋配合，帽體外徑大于管體，后定格堵為一封蓋，外徑直徑大于管體外徑，與前錐形定格帽外徑一致，后定格堵內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專業深孔爆破多向聚能管可根據炮(pao)(pao)眼深度采用合適的聚(ju)能管管體，不需其(qi)他工具幫(bang)助(zhu)送入炮(pao)(pao)眼，切縫方(fang)向準確，兩端的前錐形定格(ge)帽(mao)和后定格(ge)堵外徑(jing)與炮(pao)(pao)眼內(nei)徑(jing)一致，保證聚(ju)能管管體同心，定向準確。且利于工業化生產(chan)，作(zuo)業安全

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周邊眼單循環(huan)火工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆(zhan)孔數量從39個下(xia)降為23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)(mei)延米節約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比(bi)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)(mei)循環(huan)節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)(mei)延米節約(yue)(yue)76較元，節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此(ci)外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)有效(xiao)降低(di)隧道(dao)內石(shi)渣塊度和(he)粉(fen)塵含量，還可使(shi)通風時間有效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)強、材料成本(ben)很(hen)低(di)、施工(gong)速度很(hen)快、節能(neng)環(huan)保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社(she)會效(xiao)益很(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)是近(jin)幾年發展起來的(de)(de)一(yi)項(xiang)掘進(jin)新技(ji)術(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)差(cha)別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)原理是在巷道(dao)周邊眼中,將(jiang)炸裝在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時利用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙的(de)(de)數量和(he)控制優勢(shi)裂(lie)隙的(de)(de)發展方向(xiang)(xiang)。

聚能(neng)(neng)包由(you)炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板(ban)、殼體(ti)、引信和(he)(he)支架等(deng)部分組成(cheng)，其(qi)作(zuo)用及對聚能(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓越大(da)，聚能(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力越大(da)；為得到高(gao)爆(bao)壓，需高(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)密度的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)用炸(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方(fang)法有(you)熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)壓裝(zhuang)多種。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體(ti)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)(she)流動能(neng)(neng)，從而提(ti)高(gao)其(qi)穿透和(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四(si)點(dian)要(yao)求，即可壓縮性小、密度高(gao)、塑性和(he)(he)延(yan)展(zhan)性好(hao)，在(zai)(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射(she)(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量試驗證(zheng)明，用紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種多樣，主要(yao)有(you)軸對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)用于切(qie)割(ge)屬板(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用于切(qie)割(ge)管(guan)(guan)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)心對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)瞬間同時起(qi)爆(bao)，可在(zai)(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心點(dian)獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是軸對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面(mian)對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。