我(wo)國20世(shi)紀(ji)60年代(dai)(dai)利用(yong)斷裂(lie)力學對巖(yan)石損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)紋擴展進(jin)行過試驗(yan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究，為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程做了不(bu)少理(li)論(lun)分析，也(ye)取得一些(xie)進(jin)展。80年代(dai)(dai)中期開始進(jin)行應(ying)用(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究，以北京礦業學院為代(dai)(dai)表，著重研(yan)(yan)(yan)究了聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥包切割饑理(li)和應(ying)用(yong)。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的(de)zhuanli，1995年又(you)取得“大理(li)石花崗巖(yan)切割技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年中國水(shui)電(dian)七(qi)局曾試圖(tu)采用(yong)硬質紙加工(gong)(gong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥管成形(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥卷做過聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破試驗(yan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究，但(dan)終因當時的(de)技術(shu)及工(gong)(gong)藝水(shui)平的(de)限制無法(fa)用(yong)于正常施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，但(dan)是他(ta)們開了橢圓雙極(ji)線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)結構(gou)試驗(yan)的(de)先河。雙聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)與(yu)光面爆(bao)破綜合技術(shu)開創輪廓控制爆(bao)破新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接(jie)形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)(de)重要性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)等進行(xing)選擇，基本連接(jie)方(fang)(fang)式有(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)較安全(quan)、可(ke)靠、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效等優點，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍占(zhan)有(you)(you)較大比重。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

不成(cheng)功(gong)的事(shi)例是(shi)(shi)有(you)的，如(ru)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而(er)不倒(dao)(dao)、實施定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后沒有(you)按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)案的方(fang)(fang)向倒(dao)(dao)塌等(deng)等(deng)。這些事(shi)例警示(shi):從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材質量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路連(lian)接等(deng)，只要(yao)有(you)一個(ge)環節出現(xian)失誤(wu)，都將(jiang)影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的效果，乃至(zhi)造成(cheng)嚴重的后果。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)老舊建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)本身還是(shi)(shi)周圍環境都十分復雜，這不僅要(yao)求認真調查爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)體(ti)(ti)的結構(包括施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)缺陷(xian))，分析受力狀況，同時還要(yao)對采取技術(shu)措施(如(ru)預(yu)(yu)處理、嵌補、支(zhi)撐(cheng)等(deng))的可靠(kao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)全性(xing)進行分析，對可能出現(xian)的意外(wai)情(qing)況，應預(yu)(yu)先(xian)制定應急(ji)方(fang)(fang)案，努力避免(mian)安(an)全事(shi)故和(he)(he)(he)(he)不必要(yao)的損(sun)失。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的環保(bao)性(xing)越來(lai)越受到人們的關注，同時，探(tan)索(suo)無公(gong)害(hai)的拆除(chu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)，一直是(shi)(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作者追求的目(mu)標。設立(li)掩蔽體(ti)(ti)對物(wu)體(ti)(ti)加以保(bao)護(hu)，簡單的辦法是(shi)(shi)用(yong)草袋、竹笆一類材料覆蓋在(zai)(zai)需要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)的物(wu)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)面(mian);對房屋和(he)(he)(he)(he)機(ji)器(qi)設備(bei)常要(yao)在(zai)(zai)迎面(mian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)頂部豎(shu)立(li)排(pai)架，用(yong)木板或荊笆上(shang)罩鐵絲網(wang)，抵御較多(duo)的飛(fei)石和(he)(he)(he)(he)較強的空(kong)氣(qi)沖擊波的打擊;對某些重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)打防(fang)震(zhen)孔或者用(yong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)將(jiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)區和(he)(he)(he)(he)被保(bao)護(hu)的建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程設施隔離開來(lai)。

光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術優(you)勢：相對于傳統(tong)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工藝(yi)，聚能管(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)比常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)具有以下優(you)勢∶少(shao)(shao)打(da)眼，少(shao)(shao)裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)量(liang)50%，總鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)進(jin)尺減少(shao)(shao)30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷(lei)管(guan)30%。節約噴漿料(liao)15-20%。節省時間(jian)∶每(mei)循環鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)、裝藥、噴漿時間(jian)1.5-2.0小時。在(zai)安全方面利用水沙袋(dai)替代炮泥(ni)，以避免搗炮泥(ni)損毀電雷(lei)管(guan)導(dao)線，造成(cheng)瞎炮。大大減少(shao)(shao)對圍(wei)巖(yan)擾動，光面效果好，巖(yan)性條件(jian)差情況(kuang)下可以大大減少(shao)(shao)超挖量(liang)，控制巷道成(cheng)型；巖(yan)性完(wan)整無節理情況(kuang)下眼痕(hen)率可以達(da)到90%以上，巷道成(cheng)型好，穩定(ding)性強。布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)方式優(you)化成(cheng)多排掏(tao)槽布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，單次掘進(jin)深度(du)可以優(you)化提高10%到15%不(bu)等(deng)。由于炮孔(kong)(kong)(kong)數量(liang)大大減少(shao)(shao)可以考慮(lv)一起全斷面起爆(bao)，節省放炮時間(jian)。

各種爆破、爆破器材銷毀以及爆破器材意外爆炸時，爆破源與人員和其他保護對象之間的安全距離稱為爆破安全距離。爆破安全距離應取各種爆破效應（地震、沖擊波、飛石、有毒氣體等）分別核定的大值。專業礦用型雙向聚能管爆破時，必然產生爆破地震、空氣沖擊波、碎石飛散及有害氣體，因此，爆破設計時必須確定爆破危害范圍，并確定爆點到附近人員、設備、建筑物及井巷等的安全，這一段距離就稱為爆破安全距離。專業礦用型雙向聚能管如何控制好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就顯的(de)(de)尤為重要。為保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)地點與人(ren)員或其他應保(bao)護(hu)對象之(zhi)間(jian)必須保(bao)持短的(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)有害(hai)效應隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)有規(gui)律地衰減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度可限定爆(bao)(bao)破(po)有害(hai)效應在允許限度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)地震(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，個別飛散物安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖(chong)擊波的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。