雙向爆破聚能管廠家施工因其復雜性、專業性、危險性,稍有不慎,將對人民的生命財產安全造成不可估量的損失,例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重大安全事故。因此,相較其他行業,國家出臺的相關法律法規多、專、嚴,從爆破材料(炸藥、雷管、導爆索?管?及相關材料)的生產、購進、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆、排爆等一系列程序均有嚴格的法律規定和科學的操作規程,并且相關從業單位和人員均應取得相應資質。深圳雙向爆破聚能管做為各(ge)類爆破(po)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種導線(xian)(xian),特別不(bu)(bu)同于一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜,其質量要求及各(ge)項技術(shu)參數也與普通電(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜不(bu)(bu)同。部分家(jia)庭作坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)纜廠無(wu)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝、無(wu)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測設備(bei)、無(wu)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人(ren)員,甚(shen)至不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道爆破(po)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量要求和(he)技術(shu)參數,更不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能制(zhi)訂(ding)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)標準,僅憑簡(jian)陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)、以(yi)粗糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模仿進行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營活動,致使市(shi)場充斥著假冒(mao)偽(wei)劣產(chan)(chan)(chan)品,導致爆破(po)中(zhong)提前或(huo)延遲起爆、盲(mang)炮增加且強制(zhi)排爆困難,給(gei)人(ren)身安全和(he)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)以(yi)及正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營活動造成了不(bu)(bu)可(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。
我國20世紀60年代(dai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)斷(duan)裂(lie)力學對(dui)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)損傷引(yin)起的(de)(de)裂(lie)紋(wen)擴展進(jin)行(xing)過試驗(yan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),為聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程做了(le)(le)不少理論分析,也取(qu)得一些進(jin)展。80年代(dai)中(zhong)期(qi)開始進(jin)行(xing)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),以北京(jing)礦(kuang)業(ye)學院為代(dai)表,著(zhu)重研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)了(le)(le)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包切(qie)割(ge)饑理和應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。1987年淮南礦(kuang)業(ye)學院取(qu)得“雙面切(qie)割(ge)器(qi)”的(de)(de)zhuanli,1995年又取(qu)得“大理石(shi)(shi)花崗巖(yan)(yan)切(qie)割(ge)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年中(zhong)國水(shui)電七局曾試圖(tu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)硬質紙加工(gong)(gong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管成形聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷(juan)做過聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)爆(bao)破試驗(yan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),但終因當時的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)及工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)水(shui)平的(de)(de)限制無法用(yong)(yong)(yong)于正(zheng)常施工(gong)(gong),但是他們開了(le)(le)橢圓雙極線性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)結構試驗(yan)的(de)(de)先河。雙聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)與光面爆(bao)破綜合技(ji)術(shu)(shu)開創輪廓控制爆(bao)破新(xin)時代(dai)。
是(shi)將炸藥(yao)裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)內,兩頭均放置了(le)水(shui)袋(dai),聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)爆炸產生的高(gao)溫高(gao)壓射流,讓水(shui)袋(dai)產生“水(shui)楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加(jia)劇延(yan)伸(shen)擴展。它是(shi)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)基礎上(shang)(shang)發展起來的一項(xiang)新(xin)技術,區別只(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)周邊眼中(zhong)(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專用線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)替(ti)代(dai)常規爆破(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆線,只(zhi)要做到(dao)七大關鍵環(huan)節:水(shui)袋(dai)挺拔飽滿、炮(pao)泥軟硬適中(zhong)(zhong)、水(shui)袋(dai)裝(zhuang)填到(dao)底、炮(pao)泥回(hui)填到(dao)口、木棍(gun)逐節搗固、水(shui)藥(yao)緊(jin)密相連(lian)、槽面(mian)必須平行,就能(neng)對控制超欠挖(wa)起到(dao)良好(hao)效果。在(zai)(zai)推廣水(shui)壓爆破(po)(po)(po)的基礎上(shang)(shang),去年(nian)9月,水(shui)壓聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆破(po)(po)(po)的成果上(shang)(shang),今年(nian)更為(wei)深入地在(zai)(zai)興泉(quan)鐵路大嶺隧(sui)道、牡佳鐵路麻山隧(sui)道采用了(le)此項(xiang)技術,積累(lei)了(le)成功(gong)經(jing)驗(yan)。
在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)、礦山(shan)、水庫等大(da)型工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)很關鍵很重(zhong)要。采(cai)礦修(xiu)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)山(shan)挖隧道(dao),城市對舊建筑物的(de)(de)(de)拆除,都會用(yong)(yong)到(dao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)。隨著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)增多(duo)(duo),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)引起了(le)人們更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)能管作(zuo)為一種科(ke)學技術(shu),應用(yong)(yong)很廣(guang),但在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)重(zhong)要、常見的(de)(de)(de),采(cai)礦開(kai)山(shan),修(xiu)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)來開(kai)掘隧道(dao),水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)也用(yong)(yong)一些,城市里(li)面(mian)也使用(yong)(yong)了(le),拆除樓(lou)房。利(li)用(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)能量破(po)(po)壞某種物體的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)結構,這種"破(po)(po)壞"效果不是(shi)其他方(fang)(fang)法(fa)能代替的(de)(de)(de),它雖(sui)然不是(shi)獨立完成一個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),但卻是(shi)一個(ge)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)序(xu),特別是(shi)石方(fang)(fang)開(kai)挖、礦山(shan)開(kai)采(cai)等工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)缺少了(le)這個(ge)工(gong)序(xu)還不行(xing)。中(zhong)國目前有(you)發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)和(he)公路(lu)(lu)交通網(wang),可以(yi)想象,當初(chu)在(zai)(zai)修(xiu)這些路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候會遇(yu)到(dao)許多(duo)(duo)高山(shan)峻嶺,一座大(da)山(shan)橫在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)地之間(jian),想要修(xiu)路(lu)(lu),就必須(xu)讓這座山(shan)消失,這個(ge)時(shi)候聚(ju)能管爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)就起到(dao)決定性(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)了(le)。
在(zai)工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong),常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸,進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)(you)(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導線(xian)和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接形(xing)式,要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性、所(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇,基本連接方(fang)式有(you)(you)(you)(you):串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)優點,在(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)(you)(you)(you)較大比重(zhong)。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)干擾而發(fa)生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),因此在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong),不能(neng)使(shi)用(yong)普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。
施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴(yan)格(ge)遵循六字方(fang)針(掛滿(man)、貼緊、對準):(1)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)必(bi)須按(an)技術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)合理布置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)以及其他眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的(de)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)在規定(ding)位置(zhi)上(shang)打眼(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深(shen)度和角度。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)時,要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)乳(ru)化炸藥(yao)在聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)填充飽滿(man)不得有(you)空隙(xi)出現時以產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)在炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)填時,要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)兩條(tiao)聚(ju)能(neng)槽指向(xiang)巷道輪(lun)廓線(xian)方(fang)向(xiang)并(bing)(bing)且各個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)槽軸線(xian)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)相互連接在隧(sui)道輪(lun)廓線(xian)上(shang)。否(fou)則成型效果不僅不好,反而(er)更差。(5)保證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)堵塞(sai)質(zhi)量(liang)。(6)放炮(pao)員應提(ti)前按(an)規定(ding)裝(zhuang)好聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)炸藥(yao),并(bing)(bing)做好準備工(gong)作(zuo)。試用范圍:一級(ji)至(zhi)五級(ji)圍巖的(de)光面(mian)爆破工(gong)程(cheng)。