在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)器(qi)材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連(lian)接(jie)形式(shi)，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工程的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力等進行選(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連(lian)接(jie)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)較安全、可靠(kao)、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效(xiao)等優(you)點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占(zhan)有(you)(you)較大(da)比重。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不能(neng)(neng)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

施工(gong)因其(qi)復雜性、專(zhuan)業(ye)性、危險性，稍有不(bu)(bu)慎(shen)，將對人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)財產安全造成不(bu)(bu)可估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失，例如(ru)廣東宏大寧夏(xia)“10.16”、山(shan)東保利“5.20”等重大安全事故。因此(ci)，相較其(qi)他行業(ye)，國家(jia)出臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規多、專(zhuan)、嚴(yan)，從(cong)爆(bao)破材料(liao)（炸藥、雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)?管(guan)?及相關(guan)材料(liao)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產、購進、運輸、儲(chu)存(cun)、發(fa)放、布網、連接、起(qi)爆(bao)、排爆(bao)等一系列(lie)程序均有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律規定和科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)規程，并且相關(guan)從(cong)業(ye)單(dan)位和人員均應取得(de)相應資(zi)質(zhi)。做為各類爆(bao)破中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)可或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)導(dao)線，特別(bie)不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜，其(qi)質(zhi)量要(yao)求(qiu)及各項技(ji)術(shu)參數也與普(pu)通電線電纜不(bu)(bu)同。部分家(jia)庭作(zuo)(zuo)坊(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜廠無(wu)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產工(gong)藝、無(wu)基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測設(she)(she)備、無(wu)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)人員，甚至不(bu)(bu)知道爆(bao)破線的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量要(yao)求(qiu)和技(ji)術(shu)參數，更不(bu)(bu)可能制(zhi)訂自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)標準，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備、以粗糙(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模仿進行生(sheng)產經營活動，致(zhi)使市場充斥著假(jia)冒偽劣產品，導(dao)致(zhi)爆(bao)破中(zhong)提前(qian)或延遲起(qi)爆(bao)、盲炮增(zeng)加(jia)且強制(zhi)排爆(bao)困難，給(gei)人身(shen)安全和財產以及正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產經營活動造成了不(bu)(bu)可估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。

的(de)(de)(de)軍事應用：聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，早在(zai)二次世(shi)(shi)界大戰期(qi)間(jian)就在(zai)軍事方(fang)面廣泛應用。國(guo)內在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)破(po)甲(jia)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)如大錐角反艦(jian)導彈(dan)戰斗(dou)部和大錐角反坦克地雷以及敏感彈(dan)戰斗(dou)部等方(fang)面取得了(le)較為快(kuai)速的(de)(de)(de)發展，我國(guo)20世(shi)(shi)紀60年代打破(po)國(guo)外(wai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)封鎖獨(du)立自主研(yan)(yan)發成功原子彈(dan)就是得力于(yu)聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)轟擊核裝置(zhi)而(er)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)原子彈(dan)。的(de)(de)(de)民(min)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)應用——切(qie)槽(cao)(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)：聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)用于(yu)工程建設也是20世(shi)(shi)紀60年代開始(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，首先是瑞典的(de)(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出(chu)孔壁切(qie)槽(cao)(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)利用槽(cao)(cao)口應力集中(zhong)定(ding)向(xiang)開裂的(de)(de)(de)設想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗(yan)證是有效的(de)(de)(de)。70年代國(guo)外(wai)廣泛研(yan)(yan)究和應用了(le)切(qie)槽(cao)(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。

各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷(xiao)毀以及(ji)(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意(yi)外爆(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人員和其他保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象(xiang)之間的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)取各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)(ying)（地(di)震(zhen)、沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)、飛(fei)(fei)石、有毒氣(qi)體等）分別核定(ding)的大(da)值。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必然產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)、空(kong)氣(qi)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)、碎(sui)石飛(fei)(fei)散及(ji)(ji)(ji)有害氣(qi)體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時(shi)必須確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危害范圍(wei)，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)點到(dao)附(fu)近人員、設(she)備、建筑物(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)井巷等的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就稱為爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如(ru)何(he)控制(zhi)好這(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就顯的尤為重要(yao)。為保(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)點與人員或(huo)其他應(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象(xiang)之間必須保(bao)(bao)持短的相(xiang)隔長(chang)度。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有害效應(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的增(zeng)加有規(gui)律地(di)衰減(jian)，用(yong)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有害效應(ying)(ying)在允許(xu)限度之內(nei)。中國《爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)(fei)散物(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，以及(ji)(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)(bo)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。

專用多向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術在隧道掘進作業中的實際應用。提升光面爆破水平、嚴抓隧道超挖管控進行了介紹。聚能水壓光面爆破工藝技術很成熟、可操作性很強、材料成本很低、施工速度很快、節能環保效果很顯著、經濟效益社會效益很高。一是要提高對推廣該項技術重要性和必然性的認識;二是要樹立必須采取聚能水壓光面爆破的意識;三是要堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是要制定切實的獎懲制度;五是要建立檢查監督機制，持續促進該項技術的深入推廣。多向聚能管公司在隧道施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的現(xian)場管理、科技創(chuang)新(xin)、人才(cai)培養、經濟效益等方面的不足(zu)。建議對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)一線基礎技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)作扎實推(tui)進(jin);對新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法要深(shen)入學習(xi)鉆研;對消極懈怠、故步(bu)自封的思想要堅決抵(di)制。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法(fa)(fa)特點(dian)是:不需(xu)要打(da)眼(yan)，因而(er)不需(xu)要購買打(da)眼(yan)設(she)備和動力設(she)備;施(shi)工(gong)(gong)簡單，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度比(bi)淺眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)快安全性(xing)比(bi)普通淺眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)和普通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)法(fa)(fa)好;勞動強度比(bi)淺眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)低。制(zhi)造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索(suo)金(jin)和梯恩梯混(hun)合熔鑄(zhu)型;乳化油(you)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和黑索(suo)金(jin)混(hun)裝(zhuang)型和二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)型。根據使用(yong)(yong)的(de)結(jie)果證(zheng)明，選用(yong)(yong)密度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)和爆(bao)速(su)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)獲(huo)得(de)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效(xiao)果。這主要是由(you)(you)于它(ta)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)簡單和破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。在礦山由(you)(you)于二次破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多，而(er)且金(jin)屬(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)費工(gong)(gong)又費材料，所以多不采用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國內(nei)生產(chan)的(de)一種用(yong)(yong)于破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大(da)(da)塊的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)，裝(zhuang)置聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)時，要將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)垂直裝(zhuang)在大(da)(da)塊的(de)頂面上，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)穴(xue)朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)位置應選在頂面的(de)幾何中心或附近較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)平整的(de)地(di)點(dian)。然(ran)后在上面覆蓋(gai)泥沙。