水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其(qi)掏槽眼(yan)、輔(fu)助眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)結構和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)式(shi)與(yu)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相同，但(dan)在周邊眼(yan)中安(an)裝(zhuang)專用線(xian)性(xing)聚能(neng)藥(yao)管替代(dai)常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用線(xian)性(xing)聚能(neng)藥(yao)管產(chan)生的粒子射(she)流動能(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣體應力(li)及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順(shun)的開挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)，對控制(zhi)超(chao)欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升(sheng)了隧道(dao)施工質(zhi)量、進度和(he)經(jing)濟效益。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周邊眼(yan)單(dan)循(xun)環(huan)火工品使用量上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用8.3%，周邊眼(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量從(cong)39個下降為23個費用節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴射(she)每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。聚能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用258.4元，即每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用比例達32%。此外，聚能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)有效降低隧道(dao)內石渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量，還可使通風時間有效縮短33%。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常(chang)用(yong)的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的器材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連(lian)接形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)等進行選擇，基本連(lian)接方(fang)(fang)式有：串聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串并聯(lian)和并串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具有較(jiao)安(an)全(quan)、可靠、準確、高效等優點，在(zai)國(guo)內外(wai)仍(reng)占有較(jiao)大(da)比(bi)重。在(zai)大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主要仍(reng)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的干擾而發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中，不能(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循(xun)環(huan)(huan)火工(gong)品使用(yong)量上節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為(wei)23個費(fei)用(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射(she)每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)約1.37立方米(mi)。水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)約76較元，節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)比例(li)達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)降低隧(sui)道內石(shi)渣塊(kuai)度和(he)粉塵含量，還可使通風(feng)時間有(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝技術(shu)(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟(shu)、可操作性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)速度很(hen)快(kuai)、節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社(she)會效(xiao)益很(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)近幾年發(fa)展起來的一(yi)項掘進新技術(shu)(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)傳統的光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)一(yi)定的差(cha)別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理是(shi)在(zai)(zai)巷道周邊(bian)眼中,將炸裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙的數量和(he)控制優勢(shi)裂(lie)隙的發(fa)展方向。

給(gei)大家(jia)介紹下爆(bao)(bao)破聚能(neng)管的(de)技術原理∶炸藥爆(bao)(bao)炸產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)轟波(bo)(bo)(bo)通過(guo)聚能(neng)管的(de)聚能(neng)槽，將(jiang)炸藥的(de)動(dong)能(neng)、勢(shi)能(neng)轉換(huan)成高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、高速、高能(neng)的(de)射流(liu)，切(qie)割演示(shi)成縫。射流(liu)在孔壁產(chan)生(sheng)射流(liu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)達7000MPa，巖石(shi)動(dong)載抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為200MPa，抗拉(la)為1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度，相(xiang)鄰兩炮(pao)(pao)孔互為鄰空面，疊加后(hou)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮波(bo)(bo)(bo)變(bian)為稀(xi)疏波(bo)(bo)(bo)，在兩炮(pao)(pao)眼連線上使巖石(shi)結構(gou)斷裂，形成裂紋。準靜(jing)態氣體膨(peng)脹，靜(jing)態壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)在兩炮(pao)(pao)孔最短(duan)連線兩側產(chan)生(sheng)拉(la)力(li)(li)使巖石(shi)裂縫進(jin)一步擴(kuo)展。根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)破應力(li)(li)集中氣刃作用原則，爆(bao)(bao)破氣體沿裂縫進(jin)一步擴(kuo)大貫通，拋落巖石(shi)。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，深孔爆破聚能管廠家為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，深孔爆破聚能管廠家但(dan)終因當時的技(ji)術及工(gong)藝水(shui)平的限制(zhi)無法用于正(zheng)常施(shi)工(gong)，但(dan)是他們開(kai)了橢(tuo)圓(yuan)雙極線性聚能(neng)結構試驗的先(xian)河。雙聚能(neng)預裂(lie)與光(guang)面爆破綜(zong)合技(ji)術開(kai)創輪廓控制(zhi)爆破新(xin)時代。