是(shi)將(jiang)炸藥(yao)裝在(zai)聚能(neng)管內，兩頭均放(fang)置(zhi)了水袋(dai)，聚能(neng)管爆(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)高(gao)溫高(gao)壓射流(liu)，讓水袋(dai)產生(sheng)“水楔”效應,使(shi)圍巖裂縫加(jia)劇(ju)延伸擴展。它(ta)是(shi)在(zai)水壓光面(mian)爆(bao)破基礎上(shang)(shang)發展起(qi)來的(de)一項新技術(shu)，區別只是(shi)在(zai)周邊眼中(zhong)安裝專用(yong)線(xian)性聚能(neng)藥(yao)管替代(dai)常規(gui)爆(bao)破藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)線(xian)，只要做到(dao)七(qi)大關(guan)鍵(jian)環節：水袋(dai)挺(ting)拔飽滿、炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)軟硬(ying)適中(zhong)、水袋(dai)裝填到(dao)底、炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)回填到(dao)口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥(yao)緊密相連、槽(cao)面(mian)必須平行(xing)，就能(neng)對控(kong)制超欠挖(wa)起(qi)到(dao)良好效果(guo)。在(zai)推廣水壓爆(bao)破的(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)，去年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)，水壓聚能(neng)爆(bao)破的(de)成果(guo)上(shang)(shang)，今(jin)年(nian)(nian)更為深入地在(zai)興泉(quan)鐵(tie)路大嶺隧道、牡(mu)佳鐵(tie)路麻山隧道采用(yong)了此項技術(shu)，積(ji)累了成功(gong)經(jing)驗。

一(yi)(yi)、查驗生(sheng)(sheng)產企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資質(zhi)：1、經(jing)(jing)過(guo)歷年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法人營業(ye)(ye)(ye)執照：一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)，個(ge)體(ti)工商(shang)戶(hu)、個(ge)人獨資企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)注冊(ce)資金(jin)低于人民幣五十萬元的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即可認(ren)定(ding)為家庭作坊式廠(chang)家。2、具(ju)(ju)備(bei)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)納稅(shui)人資格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)務登記證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)年(nian)(nian)度銷售額(e)達到(dao)或超過(guo)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)金(jin)額(e)（以(yi)稅(shui)務發(fa)票(piao)開具(ju)(ju)數額(e)為準）并經(jing)(jing)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)稅(shui)務機(ji)關核準、具(ju)(ju)備(bei)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開票(piao)場所、專職(zhi)會計及相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦稅(shui)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)才能升(sheng)級為一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)納稅(shui)人企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。3、經(jing)(jing)過(guo)歷年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織機(ji)構(gou)代(dai)碼證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：組織機(ji)構(gou)代(dai)碼證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)中華人民共和國境內(nei)始終不(bu)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法定(ding)代(dai)碼標(biao)識，未(wei)經(jing)(jing)年(nian)(nian)度審(shen)(shen)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可視為非法機(ji)構(gou)。4、國家強(qiang)制性(xing)(xing)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜生(sheng)(sheng)產企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)只要生(sheng)(sheng)產國家強(qiang)制性(xing)(xing)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)范(fan)圍內(nei)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必須通過(guo)國家強(qiang)制性(xing)(xing)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)（CCC）。依基本(ben)(ben)常識判斷，既然單位名稱為“xxx電線廠(chang)”“xxx線纜廠(chang)”，其產品(pin)(pin)(pin)未(wei)通過(guo)或從未(wei)通過(guo)國家強(qiang)制性(xing)(xing)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明其硬件、軟件設施及人員配備(bei)根本(ben)(ben)達不(bu)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜生(sheng)(sheng)產廠(chang)家應(ying)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。5、國際質(zhi)量體(ti)系(xi)(xi)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：ISO國際質(zhi)量體(ti)系(xi)(xi)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)整體(ti)素質(zhi)、產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理水平以(yi)及服務水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志。6、開戶(hu)許可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。

水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術(shu)基礎上(shang)發展起來(lai)的(de)一(yi)項新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)，其掏槽眼(yan)、輔(fu)助(zhu)眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和爆(bao)(bao)破方式(shi)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破相同(tong)，但在(zai)周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)線(xian)性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用(yong)線(xian)性聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)粒子(zi)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破氣體應(ying)力及“氣楔”作(zuo)用(yong)，形成平(ping)整圓順的(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠挖具有(you)良好(hao)效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧(sui)道施工質(zhi)量(liang)、進度(du)和經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破，在(zai)周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)單循(xun)(xun)環(huan)火工品使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)鉆(zhan)孔數量(liang)從39個下降(jiang)為23個費(fei)用(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破比(bi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破每(mei)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此(ci)外，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低隧(sui)道內石渣塊度(du)和粉塵含量(liang)，還(huan)可使(shi)通(tong)風時間有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。

給大(da)家介紹下爆(bao)破聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)技(ji)術原理∶炸藥爆(bao)炸產生的(de)(de)爆(bao)轟波(bo)通(tong)過聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽，將(jiang)炸藥的(de)(de)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、勢能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換成高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)、高(gao)速、高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)射(she)流，切割演示(shi)成縫(feng)。射(she)流在孔壁(bi)產生射(she)流壓(ya)(ya)力(li)達7000MPa，巖石(shi)(shi)動載(zai)抗壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為(wei)(wei)200MPa，抗拉為(wei)(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)(de)抗壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度，相鄰(lin)兩(liang)炮孔互為(wei)(wei)鄰(lin)空面，疊加(jia)后的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮波(bo)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)稀疏波(bo)，在兩(liang)炮眼(yan)連線(xian)上使巖石(shi)(shi)結構斷裂(lie)，形成裂(lie)紋。準靜態氣體膨脹，靜態壓(ya)(ya)力(li)在兩(liang)炮孔最(zui)短連線(xian)兩(liang)側產生拉力(li)使巖石(shi)(shi)裂(lie)縫(feng)進一步擴展。根(gen)據爆(bao)破應力(li)集中氣刃(ren)作用原則，爆(bao)破氣體沿裂(lie)縫(feng)進一步擴大(da)貫通(tong)，拋(pao)落巖石(shi)(shi)。

專業爆破多向聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀：預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔，采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥，在主爆區之前起爆，從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫，以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。爆破多向聚能管公司光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是沿設(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界布(bu)設(she)密集(ji)炮孔(kong)，采(cai)用不耦合裝藥或裝填低(di)威(wei)力炸(zha)藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)(bao)的以形(xing)成平整的開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術的發展是先出現光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，然后衍生發展為預裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。聚能管國內歷史與現狀，我國于1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)湖北陸(lu)水水電站施工中(zhong)做過淺孔(kong)預裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)道部(bu)門在(zai)成昆(kun)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)開(kai)始試驗(yan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)西延(yan)線張(zhang)家船工點，全長近(jin)200m的2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)(po)全部(bu)采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后邊(bian)坡(po)(po)平整穩定，殘留的半孔(kong)清晰可見，是鐵(tie)路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用路(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。

我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖行(xing)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)已成為必須(xu)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)保護邊(bian)坡質(zhi)量的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。此后在(zai)此基礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂的(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以(yi)及在(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編入并(bing)有所改(gai)進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)巖石邊(bian)坡，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采(cai)用光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)或(huo)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，并(bing)闡述(shu)了(le)光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)原則和參數、安全措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了(le)路塹(qian)邊(bian)坡光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)項目(mu)質(zhi)量驗收檢(jian)測數量和檢(jian)測方法。無疑(yi)該(gai)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)，有力地推動和促進(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵路建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中的(de)應用與發展。