施(shi)工工藝嚴格遵(zun)循六(liu)字方(fang)(fang)針(掛滿(man)、貼緊(jin)、對準):(1)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)打眼(yan)質(zhi)(zhi)量,炮(pao)眼(yan)必須按技術要(yao)求合(he)理布置。(2)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)掏槽(cao)眼(yan)以及其他眼(yan)眼(yan)的(de)(de)打眼(yan)質(zhi)(zhi)量,一(yi)定要(yao)在(zai)規(gui)定位置上(shang)打眼(yan);二要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)和角度(du)。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時,要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸(zha)藥在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)空內(nei)壁中(zhong)(zhong)填充(chong)飽(bao)滿(man)不得有空隙出現時以產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)在(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)填時,要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)兩條聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指向巷道輪廓(kuo)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)向并(bing)且各個炮(pao)眼(yan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸(zhou)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相互連接(jie)在(zai)隧道輪廓(kuo)線(xian)上(shang)。否則成型效果不僅不好(hao),反而更差(cha)。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)堵(du)塞質(zhi)(zhi)量。(6)放炮(pao)員應(ying)提前按規(gui)定裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥,并(bing)做好(hao)準備(bei)工作。試(shi)用范圍(wei):一(yi)級至五級圍(wei)巖的(de)(de)光面(mian)爆破工程。
聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體、引信(xin)和(he)(he)支(zhi)架等部分組(zu)成(cheng),其作用(yong)及(ji)對(dui)聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao)威(wei)力的(de)(de)影響分述如下。1.炸(zha)(zha)(zha),炸(zha)(zha)(zha)是聚能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源,炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越大(da),聚能(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力越大(da);為(wei)得到高爆(bao)壓(ya),需(xu)高爆(bao)速、高密度(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)等,裝(zhuang)方法(fa)有(you)熔鑄,塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)。2.型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao),型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是把炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng),從而提(ti)高其穿(chuan)透(tou)和(he)(he)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材料必須(xu)滿足四點要求,即可(ke)壓(ya)縮性小、密度(du)高、塑(su)性和(he)(he)延展性好,在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射(she)流中不汽化(hua)。大(da)量試驗(yan)證明,用(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好,其次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多種(zhong)多樣,主要有(you)軸對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),如圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物(wu)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等;面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),常見的(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)屬板(ban)材的(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)管材的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong);中心(xin)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),這種(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)包(bao),中心(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao),球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)(zha)(zha),若能(neng)(neng)在瞬間同時起爆(bao),可(ke)在空腔中心(xin)點獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量集中。在工程中常用(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。
采用一種(zhong)(zhong)抗靜電阻燃的(de)(de)特種(zhong)(zhong)塑料管(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)能管(guan),根(gen)據炮眼深度可(ke)長可(ke)短(duan)。是(shi)兩個(ge)相似半壁管(guan)組成,半壁管(guan)中央有(you)個(ge)凹(ao)進(jin)去的(de)(de)槽(cao)叫(jiao)做'聚(ju)能槽(cao)",使(shi)用聚(ju)能管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)成型(xing)效果好(hao),開挖輪廓線平順整(zheng)齊,圍巖擾動減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少、超(chao)欠挖明顯(xian)改(gai)善,有(you)利于支護工(gong)序施工(gong),同時混凝土回填(tian)成本(ben)(ben)大(da)(da)為降(jiang)低。鑿孔(kong)率減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少30%,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低了爆(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業(ye)工(gong)班的(de)(de)勞動量(liang):鉆孔(kong)縮短(duan)30分鐘、少打眼、出渣量(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少,降(jiang)低了材料成本(ben)(ben)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少工(gong)時消耗(hao)、勞動效率明顯(xian)提(ti)高,周邊眼爆(bao)破(po)成本(ben)(ben)降(jiang)低30%以(yi)上(shang),半眼痕保留(liu)率高達85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能管(guan)主要(yao)應用于隧道、煤礦、鐵(tie)礦等需要(yao)進(jin)行光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)施工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)程。采用聚(ju)能管(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)可(ke)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少鉆孔(kong),擴(kuo)大(da)(da)孔(kong)距,減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少導爆(bao)管(guan)用量(liang),減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少超(chao)挖,減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少噴漿(jiang),提(ti)高半孔(kong)率,既節省了成本(ben)(ben)又提(ti)高了施工(gong)效率。
一、查驗生產企業資質:1、經過歷年年審的法人營業執照:一般情況下,個體工商戶、個人獨資企業注冊資金低于人民幣五十萬元的即可認定為家庭作坊式廠家。2、爆破多向聚能管廠家具備一般納稅人資格的稅務登記證:企業產品年度銷售額達到或超過一定金額(以稅務發票開具數額為準)并經主管稅務機關核準、具備獨立的開票場所、專職會計及相應的辦稅機具才能升級為一般納稅人企業。3、經過歷年年審的組織機構代碼證:組織機構代碼證是中華人民共和國境內始終不變的法定代碼標識,未經年度審驗的,可視為非法機構。4、國家強制性產品認證證書:一般情況下,所有的電線電纜生產企業只要生產國家強制性產品認證范圍內產品的必須通過國家強制性產品認證(CCC)。專業爆破多向聚能管依基本常識判斷,既然單位名(ming)稱(cheng)為“xxx電線廠”“xxx線纜廠”,其產(chan)品未(wei)通(tong)過或從(cong)未(wei)通(tong)過國家(jia)強制性產(chan)品認證,證明其硬件(jian)、軟件(jian)設(she)施及人員配備根(gen)本達不到一(yi)個(ge)合格的(de)(de)電線電纜生產(chan)廠家(jia)應具備的(de)(de)條件(jian)。5、國際質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)體(ti)系認證證書(shu):ISO國際質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)體(ti)系認證是一(yi)個(ge)企業整體(ti)素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、產(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理水平(ping)(ping)以及服務水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)標志。6、開戶許可證。
在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中,常(chang)用的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you):電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用電(dian)能使(shi)雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸,進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的器材有(you)(you):電(dian)雷(lei)管、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連接形式(shi),要(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的重(zhong)要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選擇(ze),基本連接方(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you):串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較安(an)全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)優點,在國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)較大比重(zhong)。在大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中,主要(yao)仍(reng)是用電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是在有(you)(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環(huan)境中,電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易(yi)受各種電(dian)信號的干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao),因此在有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)的環(huan)境中,不能使(shi)用普通電(dian)雷(lei)管。
發(fa)揮巨(ju)大效力的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)又在其(qi)上(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)”上(shang)。項目(mu)(mu)(mu)部目(mu)(mu)(mu)前采用的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)有(you)兩個(ge)(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)”,通過這兩個(ge)(ge)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用讓爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)威力在隧道中(zhong)切割出十(shi)分平順的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線,的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)了爆(bao)(bao)破量,有(you)效管(guan)控(kong)了超挖欠挖的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。為了進(jin)一步嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓,達到(dao)提高(gao)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破效果的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de),并研(yan)究出了聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)上(shang)兩個(ge)(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)”變為三個(ge)(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明設(she)(she)計,目(mu)(mu)(mu)前,該發(fa)明設(she)(she)計已(yi)經進(jin)入到(dao)了試(shi)生產(chan)階段。未來,三“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)”設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)(shu)將推動(dong)中(zhong)鐵(tie)十(shi)四(si)局四(si)公司張吉懷鐵(tie)路項目(mu)(mu)(mu)部施工(gong)開(kai)展邁上(shang)一個(ge)(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)臺階,給項目(mu)(mu)(mu)部帶來巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益。工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)(shu)經過幾十(shi)年的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,已(yi)經滲透到(dao)經濟建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)眾多領域,特別(bie)為中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路建設(she)(she)、礦山開(kai)采、城市(shi)拆舊(jiu)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破等做出了重要(yao)貢獻(xian)。