水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)單循(xun)環火工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從39個下(xia)降(jiang)為23個費(fei)(fei)用(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立方米(mi)。水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循(xun)環節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)隧道內石渣塊度和(he)(he)粉塵(chen)含量(liang)，還可(ke)使(shi)通風時(shi)間有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成熟、可(ke)操作性很(hen)(hen)強(qiang)、材(cai)料成本很(hen)(hen)低(di)、施工(gong)速(su)度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益社會效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益很(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)近幾年發(fa)展起來的(de)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)掘進新技(ji)(ji)術(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與傳統的(de)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)原理是(shi)在(zai)巷道周邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)中,將炸(zha)裝在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)利用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙的(de)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)(he)控制優勢(shi)裂(lie)隙的(de)發(fa)展方向。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩、隔(ge)板、殼體、引信和(he)支架等(deng)部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)作用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力的(de)(de)影響分(fen)述(shu)如下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆破(po)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆壓越(yue)大(da)(da)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈(dan)威力越(yue)大(da)(da)；為得(de)到高(gao)爆壓，需高(gao)爆速、高(gao)密度(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)熔鑄(zhu)，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)壓裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩，型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)罩體材料(liao)的(de)(de)射流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)其(qi)(qi)穿(chuan)透和(he)切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)材料(liao)必須滿(man)足四點要求，即(ji)可(ke)壓縮性小、密度(du)高(gao)、塑性和(he)延展性好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)不(bu)汽化(hua)(hua)。大(da)(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制(zhi)作型(xing)(xing)罩效果好，其(qi)(qi)次(ci)為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)屬板材的(de)(de)直線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)管(guan)材的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)心有(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)腔和(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩外(wai)敷設炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間(jian)同時起爆，可(ke)在空(kong)(kong)腔中(zhong)心點獲(huo)得(de)極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩。

池州深孔爆破聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成，管體為塑性材料制成，呈管狀，管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑，長度可隨爆破需要生產，管體兩端各有外螺紋，兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫，切縫間等距有加強筋，前錐形定格帽呈傘狀，傘形尖有一光孔，兩側直壁內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑前端螺紋配合，帽體外徑大于管體，后定格堵為一封蓋，外徑直徑大于管體外徑，與前錐形定格帽外徑一致，后定格堵內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專用深孔爆破聚能管可根據炮(pao)眼深度采用合適(shi)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體，不需其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮(pao)眼，切(qie)縫方向準(zhun)確(que)，兩端的(de)(de)前錐形定格帽和后定格堵外徑與炮(pao)眼內徑一致，保證(zheng)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體同(tong)心，定向準(zhun)確(que)。且利(li)于工(gong)業化生產，作業安全(quan)

火(huo)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索傳遞火(huo)焰點(dian)燃(ran)火(huo)雷管(guan)進而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)。這種起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所需的(de)(de)材料有(you)：導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索、火(huo)雷管(guan)和點(dian)火(huo)材料。導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操作簡單、靈活，使用方(fang)(fang)便，成本較低，廣泛應(ying)用于小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)和掘進。由于導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索的(de)(de)速(su)燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等(deng)弊(bi)病，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)事故所占(zhan)比(bi)重最大(da)。不(bu)能(neng)多處裝藥(yao)(yao)同(tong)時起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索直接(jie)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用雷管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索，當導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳至炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)時，將(jiang)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在(zai)需要延時分(fen)段起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，將(jiang)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索中(zhong)接(jie)入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)，就能(neng)達到(dao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)所需起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料有(you)：雷管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索和繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)等(deng)。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用的(de)(de)有(you)：串聯(lian)、簇并(bing)聯(lian)、單向分(fen)段并(bing)聯(lian)和雙(shuang)向分(fen)段并(bing)聯(lian)等(deng)。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材銷(xiao)毀(hui)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)和其他保(bao)(bao)護對(dui)象(xiang)之間的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)應(ying)(ying)取(qu)各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)(ying)（地(di)(di)震、沖擊波、飛石(shi)、有(you)(you)毒氣(qi)體等）分(fen)別核定(ding)的(de)(de)大值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時，必(bi)(bi)(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震、空氣(qi)沖擊波、碎石(shi)飛散(san)及(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)害氣(qi)體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計時必(bi)(bi)(bi)須確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害范圍，并確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)、設備、建(jian)筑物及(ji)(ji)(ji)井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一(yi)段距(ju)(ju)離(li)就(jiu)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)。如何控(kong)制(zhi)好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)就(jiu)顯的(de)(de)尤為重要。為保(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)點與人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)或其他應(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)護對(dui)象(xiang)之間必(bi)(bi)(bi)須保(bao)(bao)持(chi)短的(de)(de)相隔長度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)害效應(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)的(de)(de)增加有(you)(you)規(gui)(gui)(gui)律地(di)(di)衰(shuai)減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)作為安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度(du)可限(xian)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)害效應(ying)(ying)在允許限(xian)度(du)之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)，個別飛散(san)物安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)，以及(ji)(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)。