聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板(ban)、殼體、引信(xin)和(he)(he)(he)支架等部分組成，其(qi)作用及對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分述(shu)如(ru)下(xia)。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)是聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)壓越(yue)大，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)彈威力(li)越(yue)大；為得到高(gao)(gao)(gao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)壓，需高(gao)(gao)(gao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)速(su)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)密度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)。常(chang)用炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)等，裝方(fang)法有(you)熔鑄(zhu)，塑(su)裝和(he)(he)(he)壓裝多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是把(ba)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成罩(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)(gao)其(qi)穿透和(he)(he)(he)切(qie)割能(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料必須滿足四點(dian)要(yao)求，即可壓縮性(xing)小、密度高(gao)(gao)(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)延展(zhan)性(xing)好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化(hua)。大量試驗證明，用紫銅制(zhi)作型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果好，其(qi)次為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶(tao)瓷(ci)。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要(yao)有(you)軸對(dui)稱型(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物(wu)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱型(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)用于切(qie)割屬板(ban)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用于切(qie)割管材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)稱型(xing)，這種(zhong)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，可在(zai)空腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心點(dian)獲得極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是軸對(dui)稱型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面對(dui)稱型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接形(xing)式，要(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所選起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等進行選擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接方(fang)式有(you)(you)(you)(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)(chuan)并聯和(he)并串(chuan)(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)較安全、可靠(kao)、準確、高效等優(you)點，在(zai)國內(nei)外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)(you)(you)較大比重。在(zai)大、中型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主要(yao)仍(reng)是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中，不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

各種爆破、爆破器材銷毀以及爆破器材意外爆炸時，爆破源與人員和其他保護對象之間的安全距離稱為爆破安全距離。爆破安全距離應取各種爆破效應（地震、沖擊波、飛石、有毒氣體等）分別核定的大值。專業礦用型聚能管爆破時，必然產生爆破地震、空氣沖擊波、碎石飛散及有害氣體，因此，爆破設計時必須確定爆破危害范圍，并確定爆點到附近人員、設備、建筑物及井巷等的安全，這一段距離就稱為爆破安全距離。專業礦用型聚能管如何控(kong)制好這(zhe)段距離(li)就顯的尤為(wei)重(zhong)要。為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)爆破安(an)(an)全(quan)，爆破地(di)點與人員或其他應(ying)保(bao)護對(dui)象之間必(bi)須保(bao)持短的相(xiang)隔(ge)長度。爆破有害效應(ying)隨距離(li)的增加(jia)有規律地(di)衰減(jian)，用距離(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)尺度可限定(ding)爆破有害效應(ying)在允(yun)許限度之內。中國《爆破安(an)(an)全(quan)規程(cheng)》規定(ding)了爆破地(di)震安(an)(an)全(quan)距離(li)，個別飛散物安(an)(an)全(quan)距離(li)，以及爆炸沖(chong)擊波的安(an)(an)全(quan)距離(li)。

是由(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)塑(su)性(xing)材料(liao)制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正常炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆破需要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端各有(you)(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)端外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)縱向切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等距(ju)有(you)(you)加(jia)強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)光孔(kong)，兩(liang)側(ce)直(zhi)壁內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)端螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合。可根據炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)采(cai)用合適的(de)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需其他工(gong)(gong)具(ju)幫助送(song)入炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)，切(qie)縫方向準確，兩(liang)端的(de)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)(yu)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，保證(zheng)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向準確。且利于工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)生產(chan)，作業安全(quan)