專用深孔爆破多向聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。鶴壁深孔爆破多向聚能管水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每(mei)循環節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約76較元，節(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比例(li)達32%。此外，聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道內石渣塊(kuai)度(du)和粉(fen)塵含(han)量，還可使通風(feng)時間有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工藝技術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操作(zuo)性很(hen)強、材料(liao)成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施工速度(du)很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)(yi)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)(yi)很(hen)高。聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)是(shi)近幾年發展起來的(de)(de)一項(xiang)掘進新技術(shu)(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)與(yu)傳統的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)差別,聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)原理(li)是(shi)在巷道周邊眼中,將炸裝(zhuang)在聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),以減少裂(lie)(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)數量和控制優勢裂(lie)(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)發展方(fang)向(xiang)。

在(zai)鐵路(lu)、礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)、水庫等大(da)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)，爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)很關鍵(jian)很重(zhong)(zhong)要。采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)修路(lu)的(de)(de)開山(shan)挖隧道(dao)，城(cheng)市(shi)對舊(jiu)建筑物的(de)(de)拆除，都(dou)會用(yong)到爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)。隨著經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)的(de)(de)增多，爆(bao)破(po)(po)引起了(le)人(ren)們更(geng)多的(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)破(po)(po)聚能管(guan)作(zuo)為一(yi)種科學(xue)技術(shu)，應用(yong)很廣，但在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程上(shang)的(de)(de)應用(yong)無疑是重(zhong)(zhong)要、常見(jian)的(de)(de)，采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)開山(shan)，修鐵路(lu)、公路(lu)用(yong)鉆爆(bao)法來開掘隧道(dao)，水利(li)工(gong)(gong)程上(shang)也(ye)用(yong)一(yi)些，城(cheng)市(shi)里面也(ye)使(shi)用(yong)了(le)，拆除樓(lou)房。利(li)用(yong)炸(zha)爆(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)(de)巨大(da)能量(liang)破(po)(po)壞某(mou)種物體的(de)(de)原結構，這(zhe)種"破(po)(po)壞"效果不(bu)(bu)是其(qi)他方法能代替的(de)(de)，它雖然不(bu)(bu)是獨(du)立完成一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)程，但卻是一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序，特別(bie)是石方開挖、礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)開采(cai)等工(gong)(gong)程缺少了(le)這(zhe)個工(gong)(gong)序還(huan)不(bu)(bu)行。中(zhong)國目(mu)前(qian)有(you)發達的(de)(de)鐵路(lu)和公路(lu)交(jiao)通網，可以想象，當初在(zai)修這(zhe)些路(lu)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)會遇(yu)到許多高山(shan)峻嶺，一(yi)座大(da)山(shan)橫(heng)在(zai)兩地之間(jian)，想要修路(lu)，就必(bi)須讓這(zhe)座山(shan)消失，這(zhe)個時(shi)候(hou)聚能管(guan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)就起到決定性作(zuo)用(yong)了(le)。

我國于1983年(nian)制定了《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物巖行基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須進(jin)行的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊坡(po)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)開挖技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此后(hou)在(zai)此基礎上修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物巖石(shi)(shi)基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以(yi)及在(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物巖石(shi)(shi)基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入(ru)并有所(suo)改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)(gui)(gui)定了凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)(de)巖石(shi)(shi)邊坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊坡(po)部(bu)位的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)或預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了光面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則和(he)(he)參(can)數(shu)、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了路(lu)塹邊坡(po)光面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)項目(mu)質量(liang)(liang)驗收檢測數(shu)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有力地推動和(he)(he)促(cu)進(jin)了光面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用與(yu)發展。

給大家介(jie)紹下爆破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)技術原理∶炸藥爆炸產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)爆轟波(bo)通過(guo)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽，將炸藥的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換(huan)成高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、高速(su)、高能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)射流(liu)，切割演示(shi)成縫。射流(liu)在(zai)孔壁(bi)產(chan)生(sheng)射流(liu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)達7000MPa，巖(yan)石(shi)動(dong)載抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為(wei)200MPa，抗(kang)拉為(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)，相(xiang)鄰兩炮(pao)孔互(hu)為(wei)鄰空面(mian)，疊(die)加后的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮波(bo)變為(wei)稀疏波(bo)，在(zai)兩炮(pao)眼連線上使巖(yan)石(shi)結構斷裂，形成裂紋。準靜態氣(qi)體膨脹，靜態壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)在(zai)兩炮(pao)孔最短連線兩側產(chan)生(sheng)拉力(li)使巖(yan)石(shi)裂縫進一(yi)步(bu)擴展。根(gen)據(ju)爆破(po)應力(li)集中(zhong)氣(qi)刃作用原則，爆破(po)氣(qi)體沿裂縫進一(yi)步(bu)擴大貫通，拋落(luo)巖(yan)石(shi)。

采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料(liao)管(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)，根據炮眼(yan)深度可(ke)(ke)長可(ke)(ke)短(duan)。是兩個相似半(ban)壁管(guan)組(zu)成，半(ban)壁管(guan)中(zhong)央有個凹(ao)進去的槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)成型效果好，開挖輪廓線平順整齊(qi)，圍(wei)巖擾(rao)動(dong)(dong)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)、超(chao)欠挖明顯改(gai)善，有利于(yu)支護工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土回(hui)填成本大為降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率減(jian)(jian)少(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低(di)了爆(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業工(gong)(gong)班的勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)量:鉆孔(kong)(kong)縮短(duan)30分鐘、少(shao)打(da)眼(yan)、出渣量減(jian)(jian)少(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了材(cai)料(liao)成本、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)時消(xiao)耗、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)效率明顯提高(gao)，周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)成本降(jiang)低(di)30%以上(shang)，半(ban)眼(yan)痕保留率高(gao)達(da)85%以上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要進行(xing)光面爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的光面爆(bao)破(po)可(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)鉆孔(kong)(kong)，擴大孔(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)導(dao)爆(bao)管(guan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)超(chao)挖，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴(pen)漿(jiang)，提高(gao)半(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率，既(ji)節省了成本又提高(gao)了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效率。

是將炸藥(yao)裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)能管(guan)內，兩頭均放(fang)置了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋，聚(ju)能管(guan)爆(bao)炸產(chan)生的高溫高壓射(she)流，讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋產(chan)生“水(shui)(shui)(shui)楔”效應,使圍(wei)巖裂(lie)縫加(jia)劇延伸擴展(zhan)。它是在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破(po)基礎上發展(zhan)起(qi)來的一項新技術，區別(bie)只是在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用線性(xing)聚(ju)能藥(yao)管(guan)替代常規(gui)爆(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)線，只要做到七(qi)大關鍵環節(jie)(jie)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋挺拔飽滿、炮泥軟(ruan)硬適(shi)中(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋裝(zhuang)填到底、炮泥回填到口、木(mu)棍逐節(jie)(jie)搗固、水(shui)(shui)(shui)藥(yao)緊密相連、槽面必須(xu)平行，就能對控制超欠挖起(qi)到良好效果(guo)。在(zai)(zai)推廣(guang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)破(po)的基礎上，去年(nian)9月，水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓聚(ju)能爆(bao)破(po)的成果(guo)上，今年(nian)更為深入(ru)地在(zai)(zai)興泉鐵路大嶺(ling)隧道、牡佳鐵路麻山(shan)隧道采(cai)用了(le)此項技術，積累了(le)成功經驗。