水(shui)壓爆(bao)破(po)是(shi)在(zai)炮孔(kong)兩端填充(chong)水(shui)袋(dai)，中(zhong)間(jian)裝(zhuang)上乳化(hua)炸，炮孔(kong)再用(yong)炮泥封死，炮孔(kong)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)很大，兩個(ge)炮空之間(jian)相距(ju)(ju)了一(yi)米(mi)左右，是(shi)常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)炮孔(kong)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)兩倍，這樣可以節省(sheng)(sheng)炮孔(kong)材料，這兩個(ge)凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)又稱為(wei)聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)，聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)非常(chang)重要，放置的(de)(de)(de)位置和(he)方向都十(shi)分講究，一(yi)點也(ye)不能(neng)(neng)出錯，在(zai)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)，高溫高壓聚能(neng)(neng)射流立(li)即往凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石進行切割(ge)，巖(yan)石如同豆腐一(yi)樣輕松(song)被切割(ge)切割(ge)出來的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線十(shi)分平(ping)順，效果極好(hao)，聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)破(po)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)袋(dai)沒有降低(di)(di)(di)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)效果，反而能(neng)(neng)保護隧道周(zhou)邊(bian)植(zhi)被，減少地質擾動，降低(di)(di)(di)煙塵，重要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)節省(sheng)(sheng)炸成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，在(zai)未來這項(xiang)技術會廣泛應用(yong)于工(gong)程中(zhong)，降低(di)(di)(di)施(shi)工(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。爆(bao)破(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)單循環火(huo)工(gong)品使用(yong)量上節約費用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔(kong)數量從(cong)39個(ge)下(xia)降為(wei)23個(ge)費用(yong)節約41%，混凝土噴(pen)射每延米(mi)節約1.37立(li)方米(mi)。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)(suo)需的(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)連接形式(shi)，要根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模(mo)、工程的(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)、所(suo)(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連接方式(shi)有(you)：串聯(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在國內外(wai)仍(reng)占有(you)較(jiao)大(da)比重(zhong)。在大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍(reng)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)干(gan)擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)使用(yong)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

火索起爆法，導火索起爆法是利用導火索傳遞火焰點燃火雷管進而起爆炸藥。這種起爆法所需的材料有：導火索、火雷管和點火材料。專用礦用型聚能管導火索起爆法操作簡單、靈活，使用方便，成本較低，廣泛應用于小型爆破和掘進。由于導火索的速燃、緩燃等弊病，在爆破中事故所占比重最大。不能多處裝藥同時起爆。導爆索起爆法，礦用型聚能管價格用(yong)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)直接起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)包(bao)的(de)(de)(de)方法叫導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。先用(yong)雷(lei)管起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟(hong)波傳至炸藥(yao)包(bao)時(shi)，將炸藥(yao)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要延時(shi)分段(duan)(duan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)地方，將導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)中接入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管，就能達到(dao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)法所需起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料有(you)：雷(lei)管、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)和(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管等。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)：串聯、簇(cu)并聯、單(dan)向分段(duan)(duan)并聯和(he)雙(shuang)向分段(duan)(duan)并聯等。

是(shi)將(jiang)炸藥(yao)裝在聚能管(guan)內，兩頭(tou)均(jun)放(fang)置了(le)(le)水(shui)袋(dai)，聚能管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)射流，讓(rang)水(shui)袋(dai)產生“水(shui)楔”效應,使圍(wei)巖裂縫加劇延伸擴(kuo)展(zhan)。它是(shi)在水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破基礎(chu)上(shang)發展(zhan)起來的(de)一項新技(ji)術(shu)，區(qu)別只(zhi)是(shi)在周邊眼中安裝專用線(xian)性聚能藥(yao)管(guan)替代(dai)常規爆(bao)(bao)破藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線(xian)，只(zhi)要做到(dao)七大關鍵環節：水(shui)袋(dai)挺拔飽滿、炮泥(ni)軟硬適中、水(shui)袋(dai)裝填(tian)(tian)到(dao)底、炮泥(ni)回填(tian)(tian)到(dao)口、木棍(gun)逐(zhu)節搗固、水(shui)藥(yao)緊密(mi)相連(lian)、槽面(mian)必須平行，就(jiu)能對(dui)控制超欠挖起到(dao)良好效果(guo)。在推廣水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，去年9月，水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)聚能爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)成果(guo)上(shang)，今(jin)年更(geng)為深入地在興泉鐵路(lu)大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵路(lu)麻山隧道采用了(le)(le)此項技(ji)術(shu)，積累了(le)(le)成功經(jing)驗。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)基礎上發展起來的一項新技術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥結構和爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)方式與水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)相同，但在周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)眼(yan)中安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用線(xian)(xian)(xian)性聚(ju)能藥管替代常規(gui)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，利用線(xian)(xian)(xian)性聚(ju)能藥管產生的粒子射流動能、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)體應力及(ji)“氣(qi)楔”作用，形成平整圓(yuan)順的開(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)面，對控(kong)制超(chao)欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧道施(shi)工質量、進度和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)眼(yan)單循環火工品使用量上節(jie)約費(fei)用8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)眼(yan)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)數量從39個下(xia)降(jiang)為23個費(fei)用節(jie)約41%，混(hun)凝(ning)土噴射每延(yan)米節(jie)約1.37立(li)方米。聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約費(fei)用258.4元，即每延(yan)米節(jie)約76較元，節(jie)約費(fei)用比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低隧道內(nei)石渣(zha)塊(kuai)度和粉塵含量，還可使通風時間(jian)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。