聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)碎(sui)法特點是(shi):不(bu)需要(yao)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)，因而(er)不(bu)需要(yao)購買打(da)眼(yan)(yan)設備和(he)動(dong)力(li)設備;施工(gong)簡單(dan)，施工(gong)進度比淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)法快安全性比普(pu)通淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)法和(he)普(pu)通裸(luo)露(lu)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法好(hao);勞動(dong)強度比淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)法低。制造(zao)(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)的炸藥(yao)有(you):黑索金和(he)梯恩(en)梯混合熔(rong)鑄型;乳化油炸藥(yao)和(he)黑索金混裝(zhuang)型和(he)二號巖石(shi)硝鉸(jiao)炸藥(yao)壓制型。根據使用(yong)的結果證明，選用(yong)密度較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)和(he)爆(bao)速較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的炸藥(yao)制造(zao)(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)獲得較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的破(po)碎(sui)效果。這主要(yao)是(shi)由(you)于它加(jia)工(gong)簡單(dan)和(he)破(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。在礦山由(you)于二次破(po)碎(sui)消耗的藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)較(jiao)(jiao)多，而(er)且金屬藥(yao)型罩(zhao)的加(jia)工(gong)費工(gong)又費材料，所(suo)以多不(bu)采(cai)用(yong)藥(yao)型罩(zhao)。國內生產的一種用(yong)于破(po)碎(sui)大(da)塊的聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，裝(zhuang)置聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時，要(yao)將藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)垂直裝(zhuang)在大(da)塊的頂面(mian)上，聚(ju)能(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)位置應選在頂面(mian)的幾(ji)何(he)中心(xin)或附近較(jiao)(jiao)平整(zheng)的地(di)點。然(ran)后在上面(mian)覆蓋泥沙。

我國于1983年制定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設中預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成為必須進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此后(hou)在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)礎(chu)上修訂(ding)的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也(ye)不僅(jin)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)凡(fan)是Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po)，設計(ji)(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)(ji)和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)應采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)原則(ze)和參數、安全(quan)措施(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了(le)(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目(mu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)驗收(shou)檢測(ce)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)和檢測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有力(li)地推動(dong)和促(cu)進(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設中的(de)(de)應用與發展。

各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷毀以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意(yi)外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與人員(yuan)和其他保(bao)護(hu)對象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應取各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應（地震、沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)、飛石、有毒氣體等(deng)(deng)）分(fen)別(bie)核定(ding)的(de)大(da)值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必(bi)(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震、空(kong)氣沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)、碎石飛散及(ji)(ji)有害氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害范圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人員(yuan)、設備、建筑物(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)井巷等(deng)(deng)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)稱(cheng)為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如何(he)控制好這(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)顯(xian)的(de)尤為重要。為保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地點與人員(yuan)或其他應保(bao)護(hu)對象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)間必(bi)(bi)須(xu)保(bao)持短(duan)的(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害效(xiao)應隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)增(zeng)加有規律地衰(shuai)減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可(ke)限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害效(xiao)應在(zai)允許限度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，個別(bie)飛散物(wu)(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊(ji)波(bo)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。

開封深孔爆破多向聚能管不成功的事例是有的，如爆而不倒、實施定向爆破后沒有按爆破方案的方向倒塌等等。這些事例警示:從爆破設計、爆破器材質量、爆破施工到起爆網路連接等，只要有一個環節出現失誤，都將影響爆破工程的效果，乃至造成嚴重的后果。深孔爆破多向聚能管價格爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業無(wu)論(lun)是老舊建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)本身還(huan)是周(zhou)圍環境都十分復雜(za)，這不僅要(yao)求認真(zhen)調查爆(bao)(bao)破(po)體的(de)結構(gou)(包括施工(gong)(gong)缺陷(xian))，分析受力狀況，同時(shi)還(huan)要(yao)對(dui)采取技術措施(如預處理、嵌補、支撐等)的(de)可靠和(he)安全性(xing)進行分析，對(dui)可能出(chu)現的(de)意(yi)外情況，應預先制定(ding)應急方(fang)案，努力避(bi)免安全事故和(he)不必(bi)要(yao)的(de)損失。工(gong)(gong)程的(de)環保性(xing)越來越受到人們(men)的(de)關注，同時(shi)，探(tan)索無(wu)公害的(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術，一直是爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)追求的(de)目(mu)標(biao)。設(she)立掩蔽(bi)體對(dui)物(wu)體加(jia)以(yi)保護(hu)，簡單的(de)辦法是用草(cao)袋、竹笆一類材料覆蓋在(zai)需要(yao)保護(hu)的(de)物(wu)體上面;對(dui)房屋和(he)機器設(she)備(bei)常要(yao)在(zai)迎面和(he)頂部豎立排(pai)架，用木板(ban)或(huo)(huo)荊笆上罩鐵(tie)絲網，抵御較多的(de)飛石和(he)較強的(de)空氣沖擊波的(de)打(da)擊;對(dui)某(mou)些重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)打(da)防震孔或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)用預裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)將爆(bao)(bao)破(po)區和(he)被保護(hu)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)或(huo)(huo)工(gong)(gong)程設(she)施隔離開來。

在工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進(jin)而(er)(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)連(lian)接形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)能力(li)等進(jin)行選擇，基本(ben)連(lian)接方(fang)式有(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安(an)全、可靠、準確、高效等優點，在國(guo)內外仍(reng)占有(you)較大比重。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)容(rong)易(yi)受(shou)各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干(gan)擾而(er)(er)發(fa)生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在有(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，不能使用普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)兩(liang)端(duan)填充水(shui)袋(dai)，中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)上(shang)(shang)乳化炸，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)封死，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)距很大，兩(liang)個炮(pao)(pao)空之間(jian)(jian)相距了一(yi)米(mi)左右，是常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)距的(de)兩(liang)倍，這樣可以節(jie)省炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)材料，這兩(liang)個凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)又稱為(wei)聚能(neng)槽(cao)(cao)，聚能(neng)槽(cao)(cao)非常(chang)重(zhong)要，放置的(de)位置和方向都十分講究(jiu)，一(yi)點也不能(neng)出錯，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)瞬間(jian)(jian)，高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)聚能(neng)射流立即往凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)兩(liang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)進行切(qie)割(ge)，巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)如同豆腐一(yi)樣輕松被(bei)切(qie)割(ge)切(qie)割(ge)出來(lai)的(de)輪廓線十分平順，效(xiao)果極好，聚能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)水(shui)袋(dai)沒(mei)有降(jiang)低爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)效(xiao)果，反而能(neng)保護隧(sui)道周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)植被(bei)，減(jian)少地(di)質擾(rao)動(dong)，降(jiang)低煙塵，重(zhong)要的(de)是節(jie)省炸成本，在(zai)未來(lai)這項(xiang)技術會廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)，降(jiang)低施工(gong)成本。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)聚能(neng)管水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)眼(yan)單循環(huan)火工(gong)品(pin)使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上(shang)(shang)節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)眼(yan)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)數量(liang)從39個下降(jiang)為(wei)23個費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。