采用(yong)(yong)一種抗靜電(dian)阻燃的特種塑料(liao)管、異形雙槽(cao)聚能(neng)(neng)管，根據炮眼(yan)(yan)深度可長可短。是兩(liang)個相似半(ban)壁(bi)管組成(cheng)，半(ban)壁(bi)管中央有個凹(ao)進去的槽(cao)叫做'聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)成(cheng)型(xing)效果(guo)好，開挖輪(lun)廓(kuo)線平順整齊，圍巖擾動減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明(ming)顯(xian)改(gai)善，有利于支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)混凝(ning)土回填成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)(di)。鑿孔(kong)率減(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)(di)了爆破(po)作業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)班(ban)的勞動量(liang)(liang):鉆孔(kong)縮短30分(fen)鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)(yan)、出渣(zha)量(liang)(liang)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)了材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)消(xiao)耗、勞動效率明(ming)顯(xian)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)，周邊眼(yan)(yan)爆破(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低(di)(di)30%以(yi)上，半(ban)眼(yan)(yan)痕(hen)保(bao)留率高(gao)(gao)達85%以(yi)上。pvc爆破(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于隧道、煤礦、鐵(tie)礦等需要進行光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)管的光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆管用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴(pen)漿，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)半(ban)孔(kong)率，既(ji)節(jie)省了成(cheng)本(ben)又(you)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)了施工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率。

在鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、礦山、水(shui)庫等大型工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術的(de)(de)作用(yong)很關(guan)鍵很重要。采礦修(xiu)(xiu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)開(kai)山挖隧道(dao)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)對舊建筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)拆除(chu)，都(dou)會用(yong)到爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術。隨著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設的(de)(de)增多(duo)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)引起了(le)人(ren)們(men)更多(duo)的(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚能(neng)管作為(wei)一種科學(xue)技術，應用(yong)很廣(guang)，但在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程上(shang)的(de)(de)應用(yong)無疑(yi)是(shi)重要、常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)，采礦開(kai)山，修(xiu)(xiu)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)(lu)用(yong)鉆(zhan)爆(bao)(bao)法來開(kai)掘隧道(dao)，水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程上(shang)也(ye)用(yong)一些(xie)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)里(li)面也(ye)使用(yong)了(le)，拆除(chu)樓房。利(li)用(yong)炸爆(bao)(bao)炸產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)巨大能(neng)量破(po)壞某(mou)種物體(ti)的(de)(de)原結(jie)構，這(zhe)(zhe)種"破(po)壞"效果不是(shi)其他方(fang)法能(neng)代替的(de)(de)，它雖(sui)然(ran)不是(shi)獨(du)立(li)完成(cheng)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，但卻是(shi)一個(ge)重要的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，特別是(shi)石(shi)方(fang)開(kai)挖、礦山開(kai)采等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程缺少了(le)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序還(huan)不行。中(zhong)國目前有發達的(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和公路(lu)(lu)(lu)交通(tong)網(wang)，可以想象，當(dang)初在修(xiu)(xiu)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)會遇到許多(duo)高山峻嶺，一座大山橫(heng)在兩地之間，想要修(xiu)(xiu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，就必須讓這(zhe)(zhe)座山消(xiao)失，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時候(hou)(hou)聚能(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破(po)就起到決定性作用(yong)了(le)。

無錫c型聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，c型聚能管廠家該發明設計(ji)已經進入到了試生產(chan)階(jie)段。未來(lai)，三“聚(ju)能(neng)槽”設計(ji)的聚(ju)能(neng)水壓爆破技(ji)術將推動中(zhong)鐵十四局四公(gong)司(si)張吉懷鐵路項(xiang)(xiang)目部施工開(kai)展邁上一個新(xin)的臺階(jie)，給項(xiang)(xiang)目部帶來(lai)巨大的經濟效益。工程爆破技(ji)術經過幾十年的發展，已經滲透(tou)到經濟建設的眾多領域(yu)，特(te)別(bie)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)的鐵路建設、礦山開(kai)采(cai)、城市拆舊定向爆破等(deng)做出了重要(yao)貢(gong)獻(xian)。

我(wo)國于1983年制定了(le)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖行基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)水利水電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)已成(cheng)為(wei)必須(xu)進行的(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)質量(liang)的(de)爆(bao)破(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上修訂的(de)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水電(dian)水利爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)均被編入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不(bu)僅規(gui)(gui)定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)巖石邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)爆(bao)破(po)設(she)(she)計和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)或預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)，并闡述(shu)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計的(de)原則(ze)和參(can)數、安全措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)明確了(le)路塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)項目質量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測(ce)數量(liang)和檢測(ce)方(fang)法。無疑該(gai)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地推動和促(cu)進了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)應(ying)用與發展。

給(gei)大家介紹下(xia)爆破(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術原(yuan)理∶炸藥爆炸產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)爆轟波(bo)通(tong)過聚能(neng)(neng)管的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽，將炸藥的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)、勢能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya)、高(gao)速、高(gao)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)射流，切割演(yan)示成(cheng)縫。射流在(zai)(zai)孔壁產(chan)生(sheng)射流壓(ya)力達7000MPa，巖(yan)石動(dong)(dong)載抗(kang)壓(ya)強度(du)為200MPa，抗(kang)拉為1/8～1/10的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)強度(du)，相(xiang)鄰兩(liang)(liang)(liang)炮孔互為鄰空面，疊加后的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮波(bo)變為稀疏(shu)波(bo)，在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)炮眼連線上(shang)使(shi)巖(yan)石結構斷裂(lie)，形成(cheng)裂(lie)紋。準靜態(tai)氣體(ti)膨脹，靜態(tai)壓(ya)力在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)炮孔最短連線兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側產(chan)生(sheng)拉力使(shi)巖(yan)石裂(lie)縫進一步擴展。根據爆破(po)應力集(ji)中氣刃作用原(yuan)則，爆破(po)氣體(ti)沿(yan)裂(lie)縫進一步擴大貫通(tong)，拋落(luo)巖(yan)石。

是由(you)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)為塑性材料(liao)制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)小(xiao)于正(zheng)常炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨(sui)爆破需要(yao)生產，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)各有(you)外(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)端(duan)外(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)間有(you)一縱(zong)向切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等距(ju)有(you)加強筋(jin)，前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，傘(san)形尖有(you)一光孔，兩(liang)側(ce)直(zhi)壁內徑(jing)有(you)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)前端(duan)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)為一封蓋，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)，與(yu)前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)一致，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)內徑(jing)有(you)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合(he)。可(ke)根據炮眼(yan)深(shen)度(du)采用合(he)適(shi)的(de)聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)，不需其他工(gong)具幫助(zhu)送(song)入炮眼(yan)，切縫(feng)方向準(zhun)確，兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)前錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)一致，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)同(tong)心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向準(zhun)確。且利于工(gong)業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安(an)全