水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在周邊(bian)眼(yan)單循環(huan)火(huo)工(gong)品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔(kong)數量(liang)從39個下降(jiang)為(wei)23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約41%，混凝(ning)土噴射(she)每延米節(jie)(jie)約1.37立方米。水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延米節(jie)(jie)約76較(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能有效降(jiang)低(di)隧道內(nei)石渣(zha)塊(kuai)度和粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可使通(tong)風時(shi)間有效縮(suo)短33%。聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝技術(shu)很成熟、可操作(zuo)性(xing)很強(qiang)、材料成本很低(di)、施工(gong)速度很快(kuai)、節(jie)(jie)能環(huan)保效果很顯(xian)著、經(jing)濟效益社會效益很高。聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)是近(jin)幾年發展起(qi)來的(de)一(yi)項掘進(jin)新技術(shu),這(zhe)種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)與傳統的(de)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)差(cha)別,聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理是在巷道周邊(bian)眼(yan)中(zhong)(zhong),將炸裝在聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)聚能作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),以減少裂隙的(de)數量(liang)和控制(zhi)優(you)勢裂隙的(de)發展方向。

聚能(neng)(neng)包由炸、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體(ti)、引信和(he)(he)支(zhi)架等部分組成(cheng)，其(qi)作用(yong)及對(dui)聚能(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)分述如(ru)下。1．炸，炸是(shi)聚能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源，炸的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)大(da)，聚能(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力(li)越(yue)大(da)；為(wei)得到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密度的(de)(de)(de)炸。常(chang)用(yong)炸有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝(zhuang)方(fang)法有(you)熔鑄(zhu)，塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)把炸的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸能(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體(ti)材料的(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)，從(cong)而提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)穿透(tou)和(he)(he)切(qie)割能(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材料必須滿(man)足四點要求，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮性小、密度高(gao)(gao)、塑(su)性和(he)(he)延展性好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中不(bu)汽化(hua)。大(da)量試(shi)驗證明，用(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為(wei)鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，主要有(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇(la)叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)于切(qie)割屬板(ban)材的(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)于切(qie)割管材的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中心(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)包，中心(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔和(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設炸，若能(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空(kong)腔中心(xin)點獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量集中。在(zai)工程中常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

專用礦用型雙向聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。衢州礦用型雙向聚能管是兩個相(xiang)似半壁(bi)管(guan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，半壁(bi)管(guan)中央有(you)個凹進(jin)去的槽叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽"，使用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)型效(xiao)果好(hao)，開挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)線平順整(zheng)齊，圍巖擾(rao)動(dong)減少(shao)(shao)、超(chao)欠(qian)挖(wa)明(ming)顯改善，有(you)利于支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土回填(tian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)大為降低(di)。鑿孔率(lv)減少(shao)(shao)30%，大大降低(di)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)班的勞動(dong)量(liang):鉆(zhan)孔縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣(zha)量(liang)減少(shao)(shao)，降低(di)了(le)材料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、減少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時消耗、勞動(dong)效(xiao)率(lv)明(ming)顯提高，周邊(bian)眼(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)降低(di)30%以(yi)上(shang)，半眼(yan)痕保留率(lv)高達(da)85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要應用(yong)(yong)于隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等(deng)需要進(jin)行(xing)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)可(ke)減少(shao)(shao)鉆(zhan)孔，擴大孔距，減少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)，減少(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖(wa)，減少(shao)(shao)噴(pen)漿(jiang)，提高半孔率(lv)，既節省了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)又提高了(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)。

發揮巨大效力的(de)(de)(de)關鍵又在(zai)其上面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”上。項目(mu)(mu)部目(mu)(mu)前采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)個“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”，通過(guo)這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)讓爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)威(wei)力在(zai)隧(sui)道中切割出十分平順的(de)(de)(de)輪廓(kuo)線(xian)，的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破量，有(you)效管(guan)控(kong)了(le)超挖欠挖的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。為了(le)進一步嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)開(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)，達到提高光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)，并研(yan)究出了(le)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)上兩(liang)(liang)個“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”變(bian)為三個“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)發明設(she)計(ji)(ji)，目(mu)(mu)前，該發明設(she)計(ji)(ji)已經(jing)進入(ru)到了(le)試生產階(jie)段。未來，三“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)水壓爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術將推動中鐵十四局(ju)四公司張吉懷(huai)鐵路(lu)項目(mu)(mu)部施工開(kai)展(zhan)邁上一個新的(de)(de)(de)臺階(jie)，給項目(mu)(mu)部帶來巨大的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益。工程爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術經(jing)過(guo)幾十年的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，已經(jing)滲透到經(jing)濟建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)眾多領域，特別(bie)為中國的(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)建設(she)、礦(kuang)山開(kai)采(cai)、城市拆舊定向爆(bao)(bao)破等做出了(le)重要貢(gong)獻。

是(shi)由管體(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)構成，管體(ti)為塑性材料制成，呈管狀，管體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正常炮(pao)眼內徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆(bao)破需(xu)要生產(chan)，管體(ti)兩端(duan)各有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，兩端(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)間有(you)(you)一縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)(feng)，切縫(feng)(feng)間等距(ju)有(you)(you)加(jia)強(qiang)筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽呈傘狀，傘形(xing)尖有(you)(you)一光孔，兩側直壁內徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)，帽體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于管體(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)為一封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大于管體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一致，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)。可根據炮(pao)眼深度(du)采(cai)用(yong)合(he)適的聚能(neng)管管體(ti)，不(bu)需(xu)其他(ta)工(gong)具幫助送入炮(pao)眼，切縫(feng)(feng)方向(xiang)準(zhun)確，兩端(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽和(he)后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼內徑(jing)(jing)一致，保證聚能(neng)管管體(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準(zhun)確。且利于工(gong)業(ye)化生產(chan)，作業(ye)安全