爆破多向聚能管廠家施工因其復雜性、專業性、危險性，稍有不慎，將對人民的生命財產安全造成不可估量的損失，例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重大安全事故。因此，相較其他行業，國家出臺的相關法律法規多、專、嚴，從爆破材料（炸藥、雷管、導爆索?管?及相關材料）的生產、購進、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆、排爆等一系列程序均有嚴格的法律規定和科學的操作規程，并且相關從業單位和人員均應取得相應資質。東營爆破多向聚能管做(zuo)為各類爆(bao)破(po)中不可(ke)(ke)(ke)或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，特別不同(tong)于(yu)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)電纜，其質(zhi)量要(yao)求及各項技術(shu)(shu)參(can)數也與(yu)普通(tong)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)電纜不同(tong)。部分(fen)家庭作(zuo)坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)電纜廠(chang)無(wu)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)工藝、無(wu)基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)設備、無(wu)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)人員(yuan)，甚至不知道(dao)爆(bao)破(po)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量要(yao)求和(he)技術(shu)(shu)參(can)數，更(geng)不可(ke)(ke)(ke)能制訂自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業標準，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備、以粗糙(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模仿(fang)進(jin)行(xing)生產(chan)經營活(huo)動，致(zhi)使市場(chang)充(chong)斥(chi)著假冒偽(wei)劣產(chan)品，導致(zhi)爆(bao)破(po)中提前或(huo)延(yan)遲起(qi)爆(bao)、盲炮增加(jia)且強(qiang)制排爆(bao)困難，給人身(shen)安全和(he)財產(chan)以及正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)經營活(huo)動造成(cheng)了不可(ke)(ke)(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。

水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)技(ji)術在隧道(dao)掘進(jin)(jin)作(zuo)業中的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際應用。提(ti)升光面爆破(po)水(shui)平、嚴抓(zhua)隧道(dao)超挖管(guan)控(kong)進(jin)(jin)行了介紹。聚能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)術很成(cheng)熟、可(ke)操作(zuo)性很強、材料(liao)成(cheng)本很低、施工(gong)(gong)速度很快、節能(neng)環(huan)保(bao)效果很顯(xian)著、經(jing)(jing)濟效益社(she)會(hui)效益很高。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)提(ti)高對(dui)(dui)(dui)推廣該(gai)項技(ji)術重要(yao)性和必然(ran)性的(de)(de)(de)認識;二是(shi)要(yao)樹立必須(xu)采取聚能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識;三是(shi)要(yao)堅持培(pei)訓、示范、監督“三位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)制(zhi)定切實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)獎(jiang)懲(cheng)制(zhi)度;五是(shi)要(yao)建立檢查監督機制(zhi)，持續促(cu)進(jin)(jin)該(gai)項技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入(ru)推廣。在隧道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)現場管(guan)理、科技(ji)創新、人(ren)才培(pei)養、經(jing)(jing)濟效益等方面的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)。建議對(dui)(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)一(yi)線(xian)基(ji)礎(chu)技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎實(shi)推進(jin)(jin);對(dui)(dui)(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)法要(yao)深(shen)入(ru)學習鉆研;對(dui)(dui)(dui)消極懈怠、故步(bu)自封的(de)(de)(de)思(si)想要(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)與現狀：預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設計開挖(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布(bu)置密(mi)集炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)，采取不耦合裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填低(di)威力炸藥(yao)，在主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之(zhi)前(qian)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從(cong)而(er)在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與保留區之(zhi)間(jian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)縫，以(yi)減(jian)弱主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對保留巖體的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)平整輪(lun)廓面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設計開挖(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布(bu)設密(mi)集炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)，采用不耦合裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填低(di)威力炸藥(yao)，在主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)平整的(de)(de)(de)開挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展是(shi)先出現光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后衍生發(fa)展為預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)內(nei)歷史(shi)與現狀，我(wo)國(guo)于1964～1965年在湖北(bei)陸水水電(dian)站施工中(zhong)做過淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試(shi)驗(yan)，1965年鐵道部門在成(cheng)昆鐵路(lu)建(jian)設中(zhong)開始(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年在西延(yan)線張(zhang)家船工點，全長(chang)近200m的(de)(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡全部采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)坡平整穩定，殘(can)留的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)孔(kong)(kong)清晰可見，是(shi)鐵路(lu)建(jian)設中(zhong)采用路(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)基礎上(shang)發(fa)展起來(lai)的(de)(de)一項新技術(shu)，其掏(tao)槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相(xiang)同，但(dan)在周邊眼中安裝專用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性(xing)聚能(neng)藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性(xing)聚能(neng)藥管產生的(de)(de)粒子(zi)射流動能(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣(qi)體(ti)應(ying)力及“氣(qi)楔(xie)”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，形成平整(zheng)圓順的(de)(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)，對(dui)控制超(chao)欠(qian)挖具有(you)良好效果，有(you)效提升(sheng)了隧(sui)道施(shi)工質量(liang)(liang)、進度(du)(du)和經濟(ji)效益(yi)。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)節(jie)約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從39個下(xia)降(jiang)為23個費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。聚能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每(mei)循環節(jie)約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)有(you)效降(jiang)低隧(sui)道內石渣塊度(du)(du)和粉塵含量(liang)(liang)，還可(ke)使通風時(shi)間有(you)效縮短(duan)33%。