專業爆破多向聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。爆破多向聚能管價格型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料必(bi)須滿足四點(dian)要(yao)求，即可壓(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)小、密度(du)高(gao)、塑性(xing)和(he)延展(zhan)性(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大(da)量試驗(yan)證明，用(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果(guo)好，其(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼(gang)和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多種多樣，主要(yao)有軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)有用(yong)于切割屬板(ban)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)于切割管(guan)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)罩(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔(qiang)和(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸，若能(neng)在瞬間同時(shi)起爆，可在空腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心點(dian)獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所需的(de)(de)(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連接形式(shi)，要(yao)(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規(gui)模、工程的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力等(deng)(deng)進行選擇，基本連接方式(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)(deng)優點，在國內外仍(reng)占(zhan)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)比重。在大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)而(er)發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)，不能(neng)(neng)使(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術基礎上發展起(qi)來(lai)的一項(xiang)新(xin)技術，其(qi)掏槽眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥結構和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方式與水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊(bian)眼中安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)線性(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管(guan)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥卷和(he)(he)傳(chuan)爆(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)線性(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管(guan)產(chan)生的粒子射(she)流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)體應力(li)及“氣(qi)楔(xie)”作用(yong)(yong)，形(xing)成平整(zheng)圓順的開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，對控制(zhi)超欠挖(wa)具(ju)有良(liang)好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提升了隧(sui)道施工質量(liang)、進(jin)度和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循(xun)環(huan)火工品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量(liang)從39個(ge)下(xia)降為23個(ge)費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴(pen)射(she)每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例(li)達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)降低隧(sui)道內石渣塊度和(he)(he)粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可使(shi)通(tong)風時間有效(xiao)縮短33%。

光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破技術優(you)(you)勢(shi)：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破比常規爆破具有以(yi)(yi)(yi)下優(you)(you)勢(shi)∶少(shao)打眼(yan)，少(shao)裝藥(yao)。節(jie)約(yue)周邊鉆孔(kong)(kong)量(liang)50%，總鉆孔(kong)(kong)進尺減(jian)少(shao)30%；節(jie)約(yue)炸(zha)藥(yao)10～20%，雷(lei)管30%。節(jie)約(yue)噴漿料15-20%。節(jie)省(sheng)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)∶每循環(huan)鉆孔(kong)(kong)、裝藥(yao)、噴漿時(shi)間(jian)(jian)1.5-2.0小時(shi)。在(zai)安全方面(mian)(mian)利用水沙袋替代(dai)炮泥，以(yi)(yi)(yi)避免搗炮泥損毀電(dian)雷(lei)管導線，造(zao)成瞎炮。大大減(jian)少(shao)對圍巖擾動，光(guang)面(mian)(mian)效果好(hao)，巖性條件差情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大大減(jian)少(shao)超挖量(liang)，控制(zhi)巷(xiang)道成型(xing)；巖性完整無節(jie)理情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下眼(yan)痕率可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)達到(dao)90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，巷(xiang)道成型(xing)好(hao)，穩定性強(qiang)。布孔(kong)(kong)方式優(you)(you)化成多排(pai)掏(tao)槽(cao)布孔(kong)(kong)，單次掘進深度(du)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)優(you)(you)化提高10%到(dao)15%不等。由于炮孔(kong)(kong)數量(liang)大大減(jian)少(shao)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)考慮一起(qi)全斷面(mian)(mian)起(qi)爆，節(jie)省(sheng)放炮時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。

的軍事應(ying)用(yong)：聚能爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)，早在二次世界大(da)戰期(qi)間就(jiu)在軍事方(fang)面(mian)廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)。國(guo)(guo)內在聚能破(po)(po)甲技(ji)術(shu)如大(da)錐角反艦導彈(dan)戰斗(dou)部(bu)和大(da)錐角反坦克地(di)雷以及(ji)敏感彈(dan)戰斗(dou)部(bu)等方(fang)面(mian)取(qu)得(de)了較為快(kuai)速的發展(zhan)，我國(guo)(guo)20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)打破(po)(po)國(guo)(guo)外技(ji)術(shu)封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子(zi)彈(dan)就(jiu)是得(de)力于聚能爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)轟擊核裝置(zhi)而引爆原子(zi)彈(dan)。的民爆應(ying)用(yong)——切槽(cao)(cao)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)：聚能爆破(po)(po)用(yong)于工(gong)程建設(she)也是20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)開(kai)始(shi)的，首先是瑞典(dian)的U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切槽(cao)(cao)爆破(po)(po)利用(yong)槽(cao)(cao)口應(ying)力集中定向開(kai)裂的設(she)想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效的。70年(nian)代(dai)(dai)國(guo)(guo)外廣泛(fan)研究和應(ying)用(yong)了切槽(cao)(cao)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)。

是將炸藥(yao)裝在(zai)聚能管(guan)內，兩頭均放置了(le)水袋(dai)，聚能管(guan)爆(bao)炸產生的(de)高(gao)溫高(gao)壓射流(liu)，讓水袋(dai)產生“水楔”效應,使(shi)圍巖裂(lie)縫(feng)加劇延(yan)伸擴展(zhan)。它是在(zai)水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)基(ji)礎上發展(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)一項新技術，區別只是在(zai)周邊眼中安裝專用線(xian)性(xing)聚能藥(yao)管(guan)替代(dai)常規(gui)爆(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷(juan)和傳爆(bao)線(xian)，只要做到七大關鍵環節(jie)：水袋(dai)挺拔(ba)飽滿、炮(pao)泥軟(ruan)硬(ying)適中、水袋(dai)裝填(tian)到底、炮(pao)泥回填(tian)到口(kou)、木(mu)棍逐節(jie)搗固(gu)、水藥(yao)緊密相連、槽面(mian)(mian)必(bi)須平(ping)行，就能對控制超欠(qian)挖起(qi)到良好效果。在(zai)推(tui)廣(guang)水壓爆(bao)破(po)的(de)基(ji)礎上，去年9月，水壓聚能爆(bao)破(po)的(de)成(cheng)果上，今年更為深(shen)入(ru)地(di)在(zai)興泉鐵(tie)路大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵(tie)路麻山(shan)隧道采用了(le)此項技術，積累了(le)成(cheng)功經驗。